Vahoaka milaza fa taranaky ny Israelita

Maro ny vahoaka milaza fa taranaky ny Israelita. Ny fanjavonan' ny fokon' i Israely dia niteraka petrakevitra maro, ka ny petrakevitra tsotra indrindra dia ny filazana fa nifangaro ka lasa nitovy fomba tamin' ny mponina tao Atsinanana Afovoany ireo mponin' ny Fanjakan' i Samaria natao sesitany. Nisy koa anefa ny nandroso hevitra fa mety nitady fialokalofana any amin' ny faritra lavitra indrindra ireo foko folo ireo, ka izany fiheverana izany dia niteraka fikarohana maro.

Vondrona voaporofo fa taranaky ny Israelita

Ny Samaritana

Ny Samaritana dia isan' ireo vahoaka milaza fa taranak' ireo foko verin' i Israely. Misy ny Jiosy mitsipaka izany nefa misy koa ireo Jiosy mihevitra ny maha azo ekena an' izany. Ny fivavahan' ny Samaritana, izay mifototra amin' ny Torah, dia tsy ahitana soritra fomban' ny mpanompo sampy. Tamin'ny taonjato faha-6 dia nitantara ny Bokin' i Jeremia fa nanao fanatitra tao amin' ny Tempoly izy ireo.

Ny soratr' ireo raby tamin' ny fotoana nanombohan' ny fisian' ny fivavahana kristiana dia milaza fa ny fanompoan' ny Samaritana an' Andriamanitra tokana dia efa nisy hatramin' ny andro taloha ela. Ny fanangonam-pitsipika 'Houllin dia manaiky ny henam-biby novonoin' izy ireo ho kasher (כשר), izany hoe azon' ny Jiosy hanina, raha nisy Jiosy nanatrika ny famonoana izany^[1], ary ny boky atao hoe Orlah ao amin' ny Talmodan' i Jerosalema dia manaiky koa ny mofo nandrahoin' izy ireo^[2] nefa misy fepetra izany. Misy soratra hafa ao amin' ny Talmodan' i Jerosalema nosoratana tokony ho tamin' ny taonjato voalohany izay milaza fa ny sakafon' ny Samaritana dia ara-dalàna^[3]. Ny soratra iray hafa koa, ny Massecheth Kuthim, dia manamafy ny fanekena amin' ny ampahany azy ireo: "oviana no azo ekena ho isan' ny vahoaka jiosy izy ireo? Rehefa miala amin' ny tendrombohitra Garizima izy ireo sady manaiky an' i Jerosalema sy ny fitsangan' ny tena amin' ny maty"^[4]. Io soratra io ihany dia miaiky fa ny ankabeazan' ny fanaon' ny Samaritana dia itovizan' izy ireo amin' ny Jiosy.

Ny Jiosin' i Malabar

Ny Jiosin' i Malabar (Malabar Yehudan) dia taranaky ny Jiosy tao amin' ny Fanjakan' i Cochin, izay ao anatin' i India Atsimo ankehitriny, izay ahitana koa ny tanàna manana seranan-tsambo, dia i Kochi. Niteny amin' ny fiteny jodeô-malaialamo, izay notetenina ao amin' ny Fanjakan' i Kerala. izy ireo taloha.

Vondrona tsy voaporofo fa taranaky ny Israelita nefa ekene ho Jiosy

Ny Bene Israely

Taorian' ny nahafantarany ny jodaisma tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nisy vondrona jiosy any India atao hoe Bene Israely izay nifindra avy any amin' ny tanàna kely any Konkan mankany amin' ireo tanàn-dehibe akaiky azy ireo, ka isan' izany i Mumbai ^[5], i Pune, i Ahmedabad ary i Karachi ^[6]. Araka ny lovantsofin' ny Bene Israely, taorian' ny taonjato nandehandehanana namakivaky an' i Israely ao Azia Andrefana, ny razamben' izy ireo dia nifindra tany India ka nifangaro tsikelitsikely tamin' ny vahoaka manodidina, nefa nihazona ny fomba mampiavaka ny Jiosy ^[7]. I David Rahabi, izay Jiosy indiana, dia nahita ny Bene Israely tamin' ny taonjato faha-18 ka nahamarika ny fomba amam-panao jiosy niainan' izy ireo ^[8].

Ny mpahay tantara sasany dia milaza fa ny razamben' ny Bene Israely dia isan' ny iray amin' ireo foko verin' i Israely ^[9] ^[10]. Ny manampahefana jiosy anefa tsy nanaiky ny Bene Israely ho iray amin' ireo foko very. Tamin' ny taona 1964 dia nanambara ny fikambanan' ny raby ao Israely fa Jiosy tanteraka ny Bene Israely ^[11].

Ny Beta Israely

Ny fikarohana ny foko nanjavona dia misy akony lehibe eo amin' ny Beta Israely ao Etiôpia. Neken' ny Fanjakana israeliana ho Jiosy ny Beta Israely, sady afaka nifindra monina any Israely noho ny faneken' ny raby lehibe sefarada ao Israely (i Ovadia Yossef) azy ireo tamin' ny taona 1973 ho taranaky ny fokon' i Dana.

Ny Bney Menase

Tamin' ny Marsa 2005, rehefa avy nanadihady ny amin' ny mety mbola hahitana ny taranaky ny foko folo very ny raby lehibe sefarada ao Israely (Rabbi Shlomo Amar), dia nanaiky ny Bney Menase ho taranak' i Israely, ka nanaiky ny fitakian' ny Bney Menase ny maha taranaka jiosy azy ireo^[12]. Ny Bney Menase dia vondron' olona aziatika monina any amin' ny sisin-tany birmana any avaratra atsinanan' i India, sady nanambara, efa hatramin' ny taona 1950, fa taranaky ny fokon' i Manase izay nitady fialokalofana tany amin' ny faritra faran' izay lavitra any Azia. Ny 1 000 amin' izy ireo^[12] dia monina ao Israely amin' izao fotoana izao, sady efa niova finoana ho amin' ny jodaisma. Ny 7 000 hafa^[13] dia mbola monina any Mizoram (fanjakana any India avaratra-atsinanana) miandry ny fiovam-pinoany ho amin' ny jodaisma amin' ny fomba ôfisialy.

Vondrona tsy voaporofo fa taranaky ny Israelita sady tsy ekene ho Jiosy

Ny Jiosy igbô

Ny Jiosy igbô ao Nizeria dia milaza ny tenany fa avy amin' ny fokon' i Efraima sy ny fokon' i Naftaly sy ny fokon' i Manase sy ny fokon' i Levy sy ny fokon' i Zebolona ary ny fokon' i Gada. Izany petrakevitra izany anefa tsy voamarin' ny fandinihana tsara ny tantara.

Ny Lemba

Ao koa ireo Lemba izay foko mainty hoditra monina amin' ny faritra atsimo ao Afrika. Eo amin' ny 70 000 eo ny isan' izy ireo ka ahitana azy ny ao Afrika Atsimo (indrindra ny ao amin' ny faritanin' i Limpopo), ny ao Zimbaboe, ny ao Malaoy, ary ny ao Môzambika. Na dia miteny banto mitovitovy amin' ny an' ireo foko hafa mifanerasera aminy aza izy ireo dia mitandrina fanao ara-pivavahana tahaka izay fahita amin' ny fivavahana jiosy, sy fomban' ny vahoaka mpifindrafindra monina izay heverina fa mety avy any Afrika Avaratra na avy any Afovoany Atsinanana. Ny fandinihana ny foto-tarazo dia mampiseho fitoviana amin' ny an' ny ampahan' ny vahoaka jiosy taranaky ny mpisorona.

Ny Bano Israily

Ny Bano Israely (Banu Israil) dia vahoaka miozolmana ao amin' ny fanjakan' i Uttar Pradesh any India. Izany anarana izany dia midika hoe "Zanak' i Israely", ary io vahoaka io dia milaza fa taranaka jiosy tany Medina. Isan' ny sarangam-poko Shaikh izy ireo, sady matetika mitondra ny fanampin' anarana hoe Israily^[14].

Ny Bene Efraima

Ny Bene Efraima (Bene Ephraim), izay atao hoe Jiosy Telogo koa, satria miteny telogo izy ireo, dia vahoaka vitsy anisa monina indrindra ao Kotha Reddy, izy tanàna kely ao ivelan' i Chebrolu distrikan' i Guntur, sy ao Machilipatnam, distrikan' i Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, any India, ao akaikin' ny vinanihefaky ny ony Krishna^[15]. Milaza ho taranaky ny fokon' i Efraima izy ireo, ka tamin' ny taona 1980 dia nanomboka nianatra sy niaina ny jodaisma^[16].

Ny Knanaia

Ny Knanaia (Knānāya, izany hoe "Kanaanita") dia vondrona ara-pivavahana sy ara-kolontsaina miavaka ao amin' ny Kristianan' i Md Tômasy ao amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India. Toa avy amin' ny mpifindra monina jodeô-kristiana tonga tamin' ny taona 345 avy any amin' ny faritra atsimo amin' i Mesôpôtamia izy ireo ka nankao amin' ny seranan-tsambon' i Kodungallur any Kerala.

Vondrona milaza fa tsy miankina amin' ny Jiosy

Misy ny vahoaka izay milaza fa taranaky ny foko folo verin' i Israely, ka isan' izany ny Pastona, ny Britanika araka ny anglô-israelisma, ny Frantsay araka ny frankô-israelisma, ny Skandinaviana araka ny nôrdika-israelisma, ny Korda, ny Jiosy japôney sy ny maro hafa. Ao koa ireo Hebreo mainty.

Ny Pastona

Ny Pastona (Pashtun) dia vahoaka iraniana betsaka miozolmana avy any Afganistàna sy Pakistàna, izay manaraka kolontsaina sy fomba fivavahana azy manokana sady efa nisy talohan' ny fidiran' ny finoana silamo, dia ny pastoaly (pashtuwali). Ny fiheverana ny Pastona ho taranak' ireo foko folon' i Israely very dia tsy mbola voaporofo ara-tantara azo tsapain-tanana^[17] ^[18]. Maro amin' ny vahoaka Talibàna no avy amin' ny foko pastona maro sady tsy voatery miala amin' ny finoany ho taranaky ny Israelita ^[19] ^[20]. Ny anarana hoe Ysef Zai amin' ny fiteny pastô dia midika hoe "zanak' i Josefa" ^[20].

Nisy fikarohana momba ny foto-tarazo izay mitsipaka ny mety hisian' ny fifandraisan' io vahoaka io amin' ny Jiosy nefa ny fikarohana ara-poto-tarazo hafa dia miaiky ny mety hisian' izany fifandraisana izany^[21].

Ny antrôpôlôga israeliana malaza sasany dia mihevitra fa amin'ireo vondrona maro eran-tany izay milaza fa misy rohim-pihavanana amin'ny foko folo verin'i Israely dia ny Pastona na Patàna no tena mandresy lahatra^[22].

Ny Jiosy korda

Vehivavy jiosy tany Kordistàna tamin'ny taona 1905.

Araka ny lovantsofina dia ny Israelita tamin' ny fokon' i Benjamina dia tonga voalohany tao amin' ny faritr' i Kordistàna taorian' ny fahazoan' ny Asiriana ny Fanjakan' i Israely tamin' ny taonjato faha-8 tal. J.K. Avy eo izy ireo nipetraka tao amin' ny renivohitry ny Asiriana ^[23]. Tamin' ny taonjato voalohany tal. J.K. dia niova finoana ho amin' ny jodaisma ny fianakavia-mpajakan' i Adiabene, izay lazain' i Flavio Josefa fa asiriana ara-poko sady nanao renivohitra an' i Erbil ^[24] ^[25]. Ny mpanjaka Monobazo sy ny mpanjakavavy Helena ary ny zananilahy sady mpandimby azy Izata dia voasoratra fa nifindra finoana voalohany ho amin' ny jodaisma (prôselita) ^[26].

Loharano sy fanamarihana

↑ Fampianarana ao amin'ny Talmoda 'Hullin, 3b.
↑ Talmadan'i Jerosalema, Orlah, ii. 7.
↑ Talmodan'i Jerosalema, Abhodah Zorah v. 4
↑ "Massecheth Kuthim", Kirchheim, Septem Libri parvi Talmudici, pp. 31-36.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2010). "Bombay (present day Mumbai)". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2008). "The Jews of Pakistan". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1228–1230. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2009) [2002]. "Bene Israel Rites and Routines". In Weil, Shalva (ed.). India’s Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle(3rd ed.). Mumbai: Marg Publications. pp. 78–89.
↑ Weil, Shalva (1994). "Yom Kippur: the Festival of Closing the Doors". In Goodman, Hananya (ed.). Between Jerusalem & Benares: Comparative Studies in Judaism & Hinduism. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 85–100.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2015). "Tribes, Ten Lost". In Patai, Raphael; Bar -Itzhak, Haya (eds.). Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions. 2. Routledge. pp. 542–543. ISBN 9781317471714.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2015). ""Jews of India". In Patai, Raphael; Bar -Itzhak, Haya (eds.). Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions. 1. Routledge. pp. 255–258. ISBN 9781317471714.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2008). "Jews in India". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1204–1212. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.
↑ ^12,0 et ^12,1 "An aliya voyage across the millennia from India", MICHAEL FREUND, Jerusalem Post, 22 Novambra 2006.
↑ "A miracle of biblical proportions", MICHAEL FREUND, Jerusalem Post, 4 Oktobra 2006.
↑ The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth by Tudor Parfit, ISBN 0-297-81934-8 p. 131.
↑ Yacobi, Sadok. "Bene Ephraim of Andhra Pradesh, South India" Tahiry tamin' ny 10/09/2015 ao amin' ny Wayback Machine, Kulanu
↑ Egorova, Yulia. "The Children of Ephraim: being Jewish in Andhra Pradesh". Anthropology Today. 26. Notsidihina 08/02/2015.
↑ "Afhganistan Ethnic Groups". Library of Congress Country Studies. 1997. Tahiry tamin'ny 26 Jolay 2013.
↑ "The People - The Pashtuns". Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL). 30 Jona 2002. Tahiry tamin'ny 5 Janoary 2007. Notsidihina tamin'ny 29 Oktobra 2010.
↑ Weil, Shalva (2008). "The Pathans of Afghanistan and their Israelite Status". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1230–1231. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.
↑ ^20,0 et ^20,1 Weil, Shalva (7 Septambera 2011). "The Israelite Connections of the Taliban". ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies.
↑ Entine, Jon (2007). Abraham's children : race, identity, and the DNA of the chosen people (1st ed.). Grand Central Publishing. p. 149. ISBN 978-0446580632.
↑ McCarthy, Rory (17 Janoary 2010). "Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel". the Guardian.
↑ Roth C in the Encyclopedia Judaica, p. 1296-1299 (Keter: Jerusalem 1972).
↑ "Irbil/Arbil" teny iditra ao amin'ny the Encyclopaedia Judaica
↑ The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged New Updated Edition Translated by William Whiston, A.M., Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1987. ISBN 0913573868 (Hardcover).
↑ Brauer E., The Jews of Kurdistan, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1993; Ginzberg, Louis, "The Legends of the Jews, 5th CD." in The Jewish Publication Society of America, VI.412 (Philadelphia: 1968); sy http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/kurds.html Archived Febroary 7, 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

[1] Fampianarana ao amin'ny Talmoda 'Hullin, 3b.

[2] Talmadan'i Jerosalema, Orlah, ii. 7.

[3] Talmodan'i Jerosalema, Abhodah Zorah v. 4

[4] "Massecheth Kuthim", Kirchheim, Septem Libri parvi Talmudici, pp. 31-36.

[5] Weil, Shalva (2010). "Bombay (present day Mumbai)". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill.

[6] Weil, Shalva (2008). "The Jews of Pakistan". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1228–1230. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.

[7] Weil, Shalva (2009) [2002]. "Bene Israel Rites and Routines". In Weil, Shalva (ed.). India’s Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle(3rd ed.). Mumbai: Marg Publications. pp. 78–89.

[8] Weil, Shalva (1994). "Yom Kippur: the Festival of Closing the Doors". In Goodman, Hananya (ed.). Between Jerusalem & Benares: Comparative Studies in Judaism & Hinduism. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 85–100.

[9] Weil, Shalva (2015). "Tribes, Ten Lost". In Patai, Raphael; Bar -Itzhak, Haya (eds.). Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions. 2. Routledge. pp. 542–543. ISBN 9781317471714.

[10] Weil, Shalva (2015). ""Jews of India". In Patai, Raphael; Bar -Itzhak, Haya (eds.). Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions. 1. Routledge. pp. 255–258. ISBN 9781317471714.

[11] Weil, Shalva (2008). "Jews in India". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1204–1212. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.

[:1-12] 12,0 et ^12,1 "An aliya voyage across the millennia from India", MICHAEL FREUND, Jerusalem Post, 22 Novambra 2006.

[13] "A miracle of biblical proportions", MICHAEL FREUND, Jerusalem Post, 4 Oktobra 2006.

[14] The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth by Tudor Parfit, ISBN 0-297-81934-8 p. 131.

[15] Yacobi, Sadok. "Bene Ephraim of Andhra Pradesh, South India" Tahiry tamin' ny 10/09/2015 ao amin' ny Wayback Machine, Kulanu

[16] Egorova, Yulia. "The Children of Ephraim: being Jewish in Andhra Pradesh". Anthropology Today. 26. Notsidihina 08/02/2015.

[17] "Afhganistan Ethnic Groups". Library of Congress Country Studies. 1997. Tahiry tamin'ny 26 Jolay 2013.

[18] "The People - The Pashtuns". Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL). 30 Jona 2002. Tahiry tamin'ny 5 Janoary 2007. Notsidihina tamin'ny 29 Oktobra 2010.

[19] Weil, Shalva (2008). "The Pathans of Afghanistan and their Israelite Status". In Ehrlich, M. Avrum (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture. 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1230–1231. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.

[:2-20] 20,0 et ^20,1 Weil, Shalva (7 Septambera 2011). "The Israelite Connections of the Taliban". ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies.

[21] Entine, Jon (2007). Abraham's children : race, identity, and the DNA of the chosen people (1st ed.). Grand Central Publishing. p. 149. ISBN 978-0446580632.

[22] McCarthy, Rory (17 Janoary 2010). "Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel". the Guardian.

[23] Roth C in the Encyclopedia Judaica, p. 1296-1299 (Keter: Jerusalem 1972).

[24] "Irbil/Arbil" teny iditra ao amin'ny the Encyclopaedia Judaica

[25] The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged New Updated Edition Translated by William Whiston, A.M., Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1987. ISBN 0913573868 (Hardcover).

[26] Brauer E., The Jews of Kurdistan, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1993; Ginzberg, Louis, "The Legends of the Jews, 5th CD." in The Jewish Publication Society of America, VI.412 (Philadelphia: 1968); sy http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/kurds.html Archived Febroary 7, 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

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