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Jean-Raymond Boulle

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I Jean-Raymond Boulle (teraka tamin' ny 10 Ôktôbra 1950)[1] no mpanorina orinasa efatra manana tahirin' akorana nikela sy kôbalta sy fanitso sy titanina ary diamondra. 

Fizotran' ny asa aman-draharahany

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Fiantombohany

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I Boulle dia niasa ho an' ny De Beers Diamond Trading Company (DTC) nandritra ny 10 taona tao Zaira sy Siera Leôna ary tany Anvers any Belzika, avy eo namorona ny Boulle Inc. tao Dallas any Texas any Etazonia[2]. Tamin' ny taona 1984 dia nanomboka nitrandraka diamondra izy tany avy eo tany. Tamin' ny taona 1987 izy dia nanorina ny Arkansas Diamond Development Co. izay nanao asa fitsirihana tao amin' ny valan-javaboary atao hoe Crater of Diamonds State Park tao Arkansas[3]. Nanambara izy fa misy diamondra mitentina 5 tapitrisa dolara ny ao, nefa tamin' ny taona 1996 dia nijanona izy noho ny fiheverany fa tsy mitera-boka-tsoa firy ny fitrandrahana izany[4].  

Ny Diamond Fields

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Filohan' ny filankevitra sady mpanorina ary filohan' ny fitantanana no sady tompom-bola matanjaka ao amin' ny Diamond Field (Diamond Fields Resources Inc.) i Boulle[5] izay nanomboka nifampiraharaha tamin' ny Vancouver Stock Exchange  tamin' ny 6 Avrily 1993, ary tamin' ny faramparan' ny taona 1994 izy dia nahita akorana nikela sy varahina ary kôbalta tao amin' ny Voisey's Bay Mine tany Labrador any Kanada. Araka ny tombana natao dia misy 141 tapitrisa taonina ny ao amin' io tobim-pitrandrahana io ka ny 1,6 % dia nikela[6]. Niara-niasa i Boulle sy i Robert Friedland tao amin' ny Diamond Fields, ary tamin' ny taona 1996 dia novidin' ny Inco ny tetikasa fitrandrahana harena an-kibon' ny tany tao Voisey's Bay amin' ny vola mitentina 4 300 tapitrisa dôlara kanadiana[7]. Ilay orinasan' i Boulle manaraka, ny Diamond Fields International, dia nandray anjara tamin' ny fitrandrahana ambany ranomasina izay nahazoany tombontsoa manerana ny tahiri-karena an-kibon' ny tany maneran-tany[8].

Ny American Mineral Fields

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Ny Boulle Mining Group[9] nanorina ny foibentoerany ao Luxambourg sady nanorina tamin' ny taona 1995 ny American Mineral Fields, izay nomena ny anarana hoe Adastra Minerals taty aoriana. Ny Adastra Minerals dia nanatanteraka tetikasa momba harena an-kibon' ny tany tao amin' ny Repoblika Demôkratikan' i Kôngô. Ny Adastra Minerals dia novidin' ny First Quantum Minerals tamin' ny volana Aogositra 2006. Tamin' ny taona 2001, ny Boulle Mining Group Luxembourg dia nividy ny tetikasa Sierra Rutile Boulle Mining sy ny Sierra Minerals SML Bauxite Mine tao Siera Leôna, ao Afrika Andrefana, izay lasa isan' ny Titanium Resources Group[10]. Ny zanak' orinasany, dia ny Groenland Ore Resources Ltd[11], dia ao Groenland ka mitrandraka nikela, varahina, kôbalta, platinina, titanina ary grafita (na manjarano)[12].

Asa hafa sahaniny

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Ny Boulle Mining Group Luxembourg no mpampiasa vola matanjaka ao amin' ny World Titanium Resources[13] izay orinasa aostraliana tompon' ny tahirina titanina voajanahary ao amin' ny faritr' i Toliara eto Madagasikara, dia ny Toliara Sands[14]. 

Ny World Titanium Resources dia nofafana tsy ho ao amin' ny lisitra ASX tamin' ny 30 Janoary 2017 ka lasa fananan' ny World Titane Holdings Limited[15]. Tamin' ny volana Desambra 2017 ny Base Resources dia nanasonia fifanarahana mitentina 75 tapitrisa dôlara mba hahazoany ny fandraisana anjara 85 % ao amin' ny tetikasa Toliara Sands eto Madagasikara ao amin' ny World Titane Holdings Limited[16].

Niara-niasa tamin' ny fitondram-panjakana maorisiana i Boulle ka izy no anisan' ny mpampiasa vola telo manara-maso ny Omnicane[17] izay orinasa manana tany fambolena fary ao Maorisy sady mamokatra siramamy voadio. Ny Omnicane dia mamokatra ny 30 %n' ny herinaratra ao amin' io nosy io sady mamokatra koa ny 40 %n' ny angovo azo havaozina[18].

Tamin' ny volana Desambra 2014 ny orinasan' i Boulle atao hoe Tendyne Holdings Inc. dia nanambara fa nahatafita fanoloana ny ampahan-javatra ao amin' ny fon' olombelona (fr.: valve mitrale; ang.: mitral valve) tao amin' ny toeram-pitsaboana Royal Brompton Hospital ao Londra any Angletera[19].

Fiampangana

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Fanararaotana ny fahantran' ny Afrikana

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Ampangaina ho nanararaotra ny fahantran' ny Afrikana i Boulle tamin' ny taona 1998 sady ho nanodinkodina ireo fitondrampanjakan' ny firenena ao Afrika tamin' ny taona 2000[4] niaraka amin' ny iray amin' ny orinasany, dia ny America Mineral Fields, tao amin' ny volavolan-tatitry ny Firenena Mikambana momba ny fitrandrahana tsy ara-dalàna ny haren' ny Repoblika Demôkratikan' i Kôngô[20]. Ny tatitry ny Firenena Mikambana S/2003/1027 nalefan' ny sekretera jeneraliny Kofi A. Annan tamin' ny Filankevi-pilaminana tamin' ny 23 Ôktôbra 2003 dia nanala anarana orinasa maro, ka isan' izany ny America Mineral Fields[21].

Fiainany manokana

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I Boulle dia mizaka ny zom-pirenena maorisiana ary monina any Monaco[22]. Tamin' ny taona 2007 izy dia nahazo ny mari-boninahitra Commander of the Order of the Rokel, izay laharam-boninahi-pahamedrehana ambony indrindra ao Siera Leôna, ho mari-pankasitrahana azy tamin' ny nanomezany aina indray ny toekaren' i Siera Leôna tamin' ny fitrandrahana ny titaniôma sy ny baoksita[23].

Jereo koa

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Loharano

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  1. ↑ McNish, J. (1998). The Big Score. Doubleday Canada. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-385-25758-9.
  2. ↑ "Mr. Boulle got his start in the business working in Africa for De Beers". The Globe and Mail.
  3. ↑ "Arkansas Allowing 4 Companies To Explore Public Diamond Mine". The New York Times.
  4. ↑ 4,0 et 4,1 "Friends in high places". Forbes. 10 August 1998.
  5. ↑ "Diamond Fields International Ltd. - Management – Thu Mar 23, 2017 Archived Aprily 21, 2017 at the Wayback Machine".
  6. ↑ Voisey's Bay Discovery
  7. ↑ "The story of Voisey's Bay – the auction 'the total value' of the Voiseys bay deal was 'closer to $4.3 billion'". Mining.com.
  8. ↑ "Metalliferous Sediments in the Atlantis II Deep".
  9. ↑ "Jean-Raymond Boulle – Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2".
  10. ↑ "AUGUST 2005 :'Titanium Resources Group Ltd. on its admission to AIM. The listing allowed the company to re-open its mines in Sierra Leone, restoring the country's position as a significant provider of raw materials to the world markets' Archived Desambra 15, 2017 at the Wayback Machine". FAEGRE BAKER DANIELS..
  11. ↑ "Greenland gold resources News – Investing News Network" Archived Martsa 10, 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ "Metals and Mining – Company Overview of Boulle Mining Group S.A.R.L." Bloomberg.
  13. ↑ "World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR Archived Mey 17, 2017 at the Wayback Machine".
  14. ↑ "World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR".
  15. ↑ "World Titanium Resources To Delist From ASX". Bloomberg.
  16. ↑ "Base Resources to gain 85% interest in Toliara Sands, Madagascar". Mining Technology.
  17. ↑ "Omnicane".
  18. ↑ "Omnicane generates around 30% of the annual electricity generated for the Grid and 40% of the country's renewable bagasse-based energy".
  19. ↑ "'World's first implantation of new heart valve at Royal Brompton Hospital' Archived Desambra 15, 2017 at the Wayback Machine". NHS Foundation Trust.
  20. ↑ UN reference draft S/2002/1146, 15 October 2002
  21. ↑ "Secretary General of UN's Letter to Security Council enclosing Expert Panel Report S/2003/1027 dated 15 October 2003 on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)- ANNEXE I, Nº. 27, Page 2" (PDF). United Nations.
  22. ↑ Jean Boulle Luxury (16 May 2017). "Unveiling of the Sun King™ Diamond coating". – via YouTube.
  23. ↑ "Sierra Leone to award Titanium Resources founder with its highest honour".
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