Fiteny indôneziana
Ny fiteny indôneziana dia fiteny ôfisialin' ny Repoblikan' Indônezia. Anisan' ny fiteny miasa ihany koa io fiteny io any amin' ny Repoblikan' i Timôro Atsinanana. Fiteny aostroneziana nampiasaina ho lingua franca tao amin' ny vondronosy Indôneziana izay mampiasa fiteny maro samihafa nandritra ny taonjato maro ny fiteny indôneziana. Iray amin' ireo endriky ny fiteny malay (bahasa Melayu) ny fiteny indôneziana. Tsy fitenin-drenin' ny ankamaroan' ny Indôneziana io fiteny io. Any am-pianarana ny ankizy indôneziana vao mianatra an' io fiteny io. Atao hoe Bahasa Indonesia, izany hoe "fitenin' i Indônezia", io fiteny io amin' ny teny indôneziana.
Ny fiteny malay anefa no fitenin' ny faritra manontolo (bahasa daerah) any amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanan' ny nosy Sumatra, ny marimarina kokoa amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanan' ny faritanin' i Sumatra Avaratra sy ny faritanin' i Riau, nosy Riau sy Jambi ary Sumatra Atsimo ary ny sisin-dranomasin' ny faritanin' i Kalimantan Andrefana, Kalimantan Atsimo ary Kalimantan Atsinanana ao amin' ny nosy Borneo.
Fanoratana sy fanononana
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny fiteny indôneziana dia soratana amin' ny abidy latina. Ny litera dia tononina toy ny amin' ny fiteny malagasy, afa-tsy amin' ny tranga sasany.
Fanoratana sy famakiana
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny abidy indôneziana
[hanova | hanova ny fango]| Isa | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sora-baventy | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
| Sora-madinika | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
Anarana sy famakiana
| Litera | Anarany | Famakiana azy | Feo mifanakaiky aminy |
| Aa | a (/a/) | /a/ | toy ny ⟨a⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe anana |
| Bb | bé (/be/) | /b/ | toy ny ⟨b⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe biby |
| Cc | cé (/t͡ʃe/) | /t͡ʃ/ | toy ny ⟨tch⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe Tchad |
| Dd | dé (/de/) | /d/ | toy ny ⟨d⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe dada |
| Ee | é (/e/) | /ə/, /e/, /ɪ/, /ɛ/ | toy ny ⟨e⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe mena |
| Ff | éf (/ef/) | /f/ | toy ny ⟨f⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe fafy |
| Gg | gé (/ge/) | /ɡ/ | toy ny ⟨g⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe gaga |
| Hh | ha (/ha/) | /h/ | toy ny ⟨h⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe hehy |
| Ii | i (/i/) | /i/, /ɪ/ | toy ny ⟨i⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe mino |
| Jj | jé (/d͡ʒe/) | /d͡ʒ/ | toy ny ⟨dj⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe Djibouti |
| Kk | ka (/ka/) | /k/ | toy ny ⟨k⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe koka |
| Ll | él (/el/) | /l/ | toy ny ⟨l⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe lalana |
| Mm | ém (/em/) | /m/ | toy ny ⟨m⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe mamy |
| Nn | én (/en/) | /n/ | toy ny ⟨n⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe noho |
| Oo | o (/o/) | /o/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/ | toy ny ⟨ô⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe gôga |
| Pp | pé (/pe/) | /p/ | toy ny ⟨p⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe parasy |
| ki (/ki/) | /q/ ~ /k/ | toy ny ⟨q⟩ q ao amin' ny teny hoe Qatar | |
| Rr | ér (/er/) | /r/ | toy ny ⟨r⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe rano |
| Ss | és (/es/) | /s/ | toy ny ⟨s⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe lasa |
| Tt | té (/te/) | /t/ | toy ny ⟨t⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe tano |
| Uu | u (/u/) | /u/, /ʊ/ | toy ny ⟨o⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe orana |
| Vv | vé (/ve/ or /fe/) | /v/ ~ /f/ | toy ny ⟨v⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe vao |
| Ww | wé (/we/) | /w/ | toy ny ⟨w⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe watt |
| Xx | éks (/eks/) | /ks/, /s/ | toy ny ⟨ks⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe eksôdôsy |
| Yy | yé (/je/) | /j/ | toy ny ⟨y⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe Yankee |
| Zz | zét (/zet/) | /z/ | toy ny ⟨z⟩ ao amin' ny teny hoe zaza |
Ny renisoratra
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny renisoratra ⟨c⟩ dia vakina hoe /tʃ/ (toy ny ts malagasy); ohatra, ny teny hoe cokelat ("sôkôla") dia vakina hoe /tʃoklat/ (manakaiky ny hoe "tsôkôlat").
Ny renisoratra ⟨j⟩ dia vakina hoe /dʒ/ (manakaiky ny j malagasy); ohatra, ny teny hoe jalan ("mandeha") dia vakina hoe /dʒalan/.
Fanampin' izany,
- ny /ɲ/ dia soratana hoe ⟨ny⟩ alohan-janatsoratra, ⟨n⟩ alohan' ny ⟨c⟩ sy alohan' ny ⟨j⟩.
- /ŋ/ dia soratana hoe ⟨ng⟩.
- ny feo mbavatraoka [ʔ] dia soratana hoe ⟨k⟩ any am-para teny, na amin' ny alalan' ny faingo mihantona ⟨'⟩, na mety tsy ho soratana fotsiny.
- ny /tʃ/ dia soratana hoe ⟨c⟩.
- ny /dʒ/ dia soratana hoe ⟨j⟩.
- ny /ʃ/ dia soratana hoe ⟨sy⟩.
- ny /x/ dia soratana hoe ⟨kh⟩.
- ny /j/ dia soratana hoe ⟨y⟩.
Ny zanatsoratra
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny zanatsoratra ⟨u⟩ dia tononina hoe /u/ (toy ny o malagasy na ou frantsay); ohatra, ny teny hoe rumah ("trano") dia vakina hoe /rumah/.
Ny zanatsoratra ⟨e⟩ dia vakina hoe /e/ (toy ny e malagasy) na tsy vakina akory.
Ny vondron-janatsoratra
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny vondron-janatsoratra ⟨au⟩ dia mety ho vakina hoe /au/, na /o/ (ao Java); ohatra, ny teny hoe mau ("maniry", "vonona") dia vakina hoe /mau/; ny famakiana ny teny hoe kalau ("raha") dia miova arakaraka ny faritra ka mety ho vakina hoe /kalau/ na /kalo/.
Ny vondron-janatsoratra ⟨ai⟩ dia mety ho vakina hoe /ai/ (toy ny ao amin' ny teny malagasy hoe maina), na hoe /e/ ao Java; ohatra, ny teny hoe air ("rano") dia vakina hoe /air/; ny fanononana ny teny hoe pakai ("mampiasa") dia miovaova arakaraka ny faritra: /pakai/ na /pake/.
Tantara
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Ny hetsika nasiônalista indôneziana dia nandray ny abidy latina tamin' ny taona 1929 ka ny fomba fanoratra neerlandey atao hoe Van Ophuijsen (ohahatra, ny ⟨tj⟩ novakina hoe /t͡ʃ/ ary ny ⟨dj⟩ novakina hoe /d͡ʒ/. Izany fomba fanoratra izany dia nasiam-panovana maivana tamin' ny fanavaozana ny fanoratana tamin' ny taona 1947 atao hoe Soewandi, avy amin' ny anaran' ny minisitry ny fanabeazana tao amin' ny governemantan' ny praiminisitra Sjahrir (ny ⟨oe⟩ dia novana ho ⟨u⟩; ohatra, ny hoe Soerabaja taloha dia novana hoe Surabaja).
Ny fanavaozana tamin' ny taona 1972 dia nandravina ny fanoratana ny fiteny indôneziana sy ny fiteny malein' i Malezia, ny ⟨dj⟩ indôneziana dia lasa ⟨j⟩ (ohatra, Djakarta dia soratana hoe Jakarta ankehitriny) ary ny ⟨j⟩ lasa ⟨y⟩ (ohatra, djaja dia lasa jaya "fandresena"; Surabaja dia lasa hoe Surabaya), sahala amin' ny fanoratana ny fiteny malein' i Malezia, ary ny ⟨tj⟩ indôneziana sy ny ⟨ch⟩ maleziana dia soratana hoe ⟨c⟩ fotsiny (ohatra: tjahaja sy chahaya lasa cahaya "fahazavana").
Ny ankamaroan' ny anaran-tsamirerin' olombelona dia tsy nandray ireo fa fanovana nifanarakaraka ireo.
Voambolana
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny malagasy sy indôneziana ahitana teny 207
[hanova | hanova ny fango]Indreto ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny malagasy sy teny indôneziana. Raha manana endrika maro ilay teny (fitanisana ny matoanteny, fifanarahana amin' ny kilahivavy, na amin' ny filaza isa, fiovana endrika), dia toy izao manaraka izao ny tsipelina ampiasaina:
- matoanteny: filaza tsy mitanisa
- teny hafa: tsy kandahy tsy kambavy na kandahy, milaza tokana, endrika lazaina.
Ho an' ny tranga manokana (tsy manana endrika tsy mitanisa, anarana kambavy, anarana amin' ny endrika milaza maro foana, ohatra), ny endrika tsotra indrindra no ampiasaina.
| No | Teny malagasy | Teny indôneziana |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | izaho, aho | saya |
| 2 | ianao | saudara, Anda, tuan (manaja) |
| 3 | izy | dia |
| 4 | izahay, isika | kami (manilika), kita (tsy manilika) |
| 5 | ianareo | kalian |
| 6 | izireo | mereka |
| 7 | ity | ini |
| 8 | iry | itu |
| 9 | eto | di sini |
| 10 | ary | di sana |
| 11 | iza | siapa |
| 12 | inona | apa |
| 13 | aiza | di mana |
| 14 | oviana | kapan |
| 15 | ahoana | bagaimana |
| 16 | tsy | bukan, tidak |
| 17 | manontolo | semua |
| 18 | betsaka | banyak |
| 19 | vitsivitsy, maromaro | beberapa |
| 20 | vitsy | sedikit |
| 21 | hafa | lain |
| 22 | iray, isa | satu |
| 23 | roa | dua |
| 24 | telo | tiga |
| 25 | efatra | empat |
| 26 | dimy, lime | lima |
| 27 | lehibe | besar |
| 28 | lava | panjang |
| 29 | be sakana | lebar |
| 30 | matevina | tebal |
| 31 | mavesatra | berat |
| 32 | kely | kecil |
| 33 | fohy | pendek |
| 34 | tery | sempit |
| 35 | manify | tipis |
| 36 | vehivavy | perempuan |
| 37 | lehilahy | laki-laki |
| 38 | olona | orang |
| 39 | zaza, zanaka | anak |
| 40 | vady (vehivavy) | istri |
| 41 | vady (lehilahy) | suami |
| 42 | reny | ibu |
| 43 | ray | bapak |
| 44 | biby | binatang |
| 45 | trondro | ikan |
| 46 | vorona | burung |
| 47 | alika, amboa | anjing |
| 48 | hao | kutu |
| 49 | bibilava | ular |
| 50 | olitra | ulat |
| 51 | hazo | pohon |
| 52 | ala | hutan |
| 53 | tehina, kibay | tongkat, batang |
| 54 | voan-kazo | buah |
| 55 | voa madinika | biji |
| 56 | ravina | daun |
| 57 | faka | akar |
| 58 | hodi-kazo | kulit kayu |
| 59 | vonin-kazo | kembang |
| 60 | ahitra | rumput |
| 61 | tady, taly | tali |
| 62 | hoditra, holitse | kulit |
| 63 | hena | daging |
| 64 | ra, lio | darah |
| 65 | taolana, tolana, tôlagna | tulang |
| 66 | jabora, menaka | lemak |
| 67 | atody | telur |
| 68 | tandroka | tanduk |
| 69 | rambo | buntut |
| 70 | volom-borona | bulu |
| 71 | volo | rambut |
| 72 | loha | kepala |
| 73 | sofina | telinga |
| 74 | maso | mata |
| 75 | orona | hidung |
| 76 | vava (molotra) | mulut |
| 77 | nify | gigi |
| 78 | lela | lidah |
| 79 | hoho | kuku |
| 80 | tongotra | kaki |
| 81 | ranjo | kaki |
| 82 | lohalika, pokopoko | lutut |
| 83 | tanana | tangan |
| 84 | elatra | sayap |
| 85 | kibo | perut |
| 86 | tsinay, tinay | usus |
| 87 | vozona | leher |
| 88 | lamosina | punggung |
| 89 | tratra | buah dada, susu |
| 90 | fo | jantung |
| 91 | aty | hati |
| 92 | misotro, mino | minum |
| 93 | mihinana | makan |
| 94 | mihinana | gigit |
| 95 | mitsentsitra | hisap |
| 96 | mandrora | ludah |
| 97 | mandoa | muntah |
| 98 | mitsoka, mitioke | tiup |
| 99 | misefo, miaina | nafas |
| 100 | mihomehy | tertawa |
| 101 | mahita | lihat |
| 102 | maheno | ndengar |
| 103 | mahalala | tahu |
| 104 | mandinika | pikir |
| 105 | manimbolo | cium |
| 106 | matahotra | takut |
| 107 | matory | tidur |
| 108 | miaina | hidup |
| 109 | maty | mati |
| 110 | mamono | bunuh |
| 111 | miady | berkelahi, berantam |
| 112 | mihaza | buru |
| 113 | mikapoka, mamely | pukul |
| 114 | manapaka | potong |
| 115 | mamaky (manasaraka) | belah |
| 116 | manatsatoka antsy | tikam |
| 117 | mikiky | gores |
| 118 | mihady, mangady | gali |
| 119 | milomano | renang |
| 120 | manidina | terbang |
| 121 | mandeha | jalan |
| 122 | tonga | datang |
| 123 | mitsotra, mandry | berdusta (toetra) |
| 124 | mipetraka | duduk (asa, toetra) |
| 125 | mitsangana | berdiri (asa, toetra) |
| 126 | mihodina | putar, belok |
| 127 | mianjera | jatuh |
| 128 | manome | beri |
| 129 | mihazona | pegang |
| 130 | manery, mamihina | memeras |
| 131 | mikosoka | gosok |
| 132 | manasa | cuci |
| 133 | mamaoka (mamafa) | sapu |
| 134 | mitarika, misintona | tarik |
| 135 | manosika | dorong |
| 136 | manipy | lempar |
| 137 | mamatotra, mandrohy | ikat |
| 138 | manjaitra | jahit |
| 139 | manisa (isa) | hitung |
| 140 | miteny | kata |
| 141 | mihira | nyanyi |
| 142 | milalao | main |
| 143 | mikasoka | mengapung |
| 144 | mikoriana | mengalir |
| 145 | mandry (rano) | membeku |
| 146 | mibontsina | bertambah |
| 147 | masoandro | mata hari |
| 148 | volana | bulan |
| 149 | kintana | bintang |
| 150 | rano | air |
| 151 | orana | hujan |
| 152 | renirano | sungai |
| 153 | farihy | danau |
| 154 | ranomasina | laut |
| 155 | sira | garam |
| 156 | vato | batu |
| 157 | fasika | pasir |
| 158 | vovoka, deboke | debu |
| 159 | tany | bumi, darat |
| 160 | rahona | awan |
| 161 | zavona | kabut |
| 162 | lanitra, lagnitra | langit |
| 163 | rivotra | angin |
| 164 | oram-panala | salju |
| 165 | ranomandry | es |
| 166 | setroka | asap |
| 167 | afo | api |
| 168 | lavenona | abu |
| 169 | may, mirehitra | bakar |
| 170 | lalana | jalan |
| 171 | tendrombohitra | gunung |
| 172 | mena | merah |
| 173 | maitso | hijau |
| 174 | mavo | kuning |
| 175 | fotsy | putih |
| 176 | mainty | hitam |
| 177 | alina | malam |
| 178 | andro | hari |
| 179 | taona | tahun |
| 180 | mafana | hangat, (panas-hot) |
| 181 | mangatsiaka | dingin |
| 182 | feno | penuh |
| 183 | vao | baru |
| 184 | antitra | lama, tua |
| 185 | tsara | baik |
| 186 | ratsy | buruk, jelek |
| 187 | lo | busuk |
| 188 | maloto | kotor |
| 189 | mahitsy | lurus |
| 190 | boribory | bulat |
| 191 | maranitra (mandratra) | tajam |
| 192 | dombo | tumpul |
| 193 | malamalama | licin |
| 194 | lena | basah |
| 195 | maina | kering |
| 196 | marina | betul |
| 197 | akaiky | dekat |
| 198 | lavitra | jauh |
| 199 | ankavanana, havanana | kanan |
| 200 | ankavia, havia | kiri |
| 201 | ao | ke |
| 202 | anatin' ny, anaty | dalam |
| 203 | mbamy, miaraka amy | dengan |
| 204 | sy, ary | dan |
| 205 | raha (fepetra) | kalau |
| 206 | satria | karena |
| 207 | anarana | nama |