X-SAMPA

Ny Extented Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) na Abidy ara-drafipeon'ny fomba fanadihadiam-pitenenana nitarina dia fanovana ny SAMPA noforonin'i, i John C. Wells izay mpampianatra momba ny haifanononana ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'i London. Izy io dia natao hampiray ireo abidy SAMPA tsirairay ary mba handrakotra ny Abidy ara-drafipeo iraisam-pirenena (AAI). Ny vokatr'izay dia ny versionan'ny AAI azo soratana amin'ny alalan'ny ASCII 7 bit.

Ny SAMPA dia natao ho fanodinana ny olana izay tsy ahafahana manoratra ireo literan'ny AAI amin'ny fanakaodian-tsoratra. Tetỳ aoriana rehefa zaka na aiza na aiza ny Unicode dia tsy dia nilaina intsony ny rafitra hanehoana ny AAI amin'ny alalan'ny ASCII. Na dia izany aza dia mbola ilaina amin'ny fampidirana AAI tena izy ny X-SAMPA.

Famintinana

Fanamarihana

• Ny eva AAI dia sora-madinika ary manana ny sanda mitovy amin'ny X-SAMPA izy ireo.
  
• Ny X-SAMPA dia mampiasa backslash ho tovana manova ahafahana mamorona eva vaovao. Ohatra, 0 dia feo hafa amin'ny \0, ary tsy misy ifandraisana ny feon'ireo eva roa voatonona teo aloha ireo. Mety ho olana ny fampiasana io backslash io satria betskaa ireo rindrankajy mahita izy io ho soratra fanesorana ho an'izay soratra manaraka azy io. Ohatra. Tsy afaka ampiasaina amin'ny EMU ny backslash ka noho izany ianao dia mila manova azy io ho eva hafa (ohatra, ny kintana "*")
  
• Manaraka ireo eva ovainy ireo diakritika. Afatsy ~ ho an'ny fanononana an'orona na = ho an'ny famakiana mivanin-teny, ary ` ho an'ny fanononana amin'ny lela miforotra mankany aoriana; ireo diakritika dia ampiaraha amin'ny soratra amin'ny alalan'ny tsipika ambany _.
  
• Ny tsipika ambany dia natao hanakaodiana ny bara fampanarahana AAI
  
• Ny isa _1 ny _6 dia voatokana ho fanafohezan-tsoratra ho an'ireo fiteny mampiasa haavom-peo
  

Eva amin'ny zana-tsoratra

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA image	Examples
a	a		French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e]
b	b		English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~]
b_<	ɓ		Sindhi ɓarʊ [b_<arU]
c	c		Hungarian latyak ["lQcQk]
d	d		English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa]
d`	ɖ		Swedish hord [hu:d`]
d_<	ɗ		Sindhi ɗarʊ [d_<arU]
e	e		French ses [se], American English mate [met]
f	f		English five [faIv], French femme [fam]
g	ɡ		English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g]
g_<	ɠ		Sindhi ɠəro [g_<@ro]
h	h		English house [haUs]
h\	ɦ		Czech hrad [h\rat]
i	i		English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
j	j		English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2]
j\	ʝ		Greek γειά [j\a]
k	k		English scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o]
l	l		English lay [leI], French mal [mal]
l`	ɭ		Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`]
l\	ɺ		Japanese rakuten [l\akM_0teN\]
m	m		English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om]
n	n		English nap [n{p], French non [nO~]
n`	ɳ		Swedish hörn [h2:n`]
o	o		French gros [gRo]
p	p		English speak [spik], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o]
p\	ɸ		Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM]
q	q		Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba]
r	r		Spanish perro ["per:o]
r`	ɽ
r\	ɹ		English red [r\Ed]
r\`	ɻ		Malayalam വഴി ["v@r\`i]
s	s		English seem [si:m], French session [se"sjO~]
s`	ʂ		Swedish mars [mas`]
s\	ɕ		Polish świerszcz [s\v'erStS]
t	t		English stew [stju:], French raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo]
t`	ʈ		Swedish mört [m2t`]
u	u		English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]
v	v		English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa]
v\ (or P)	ʋ		Dutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]
w	w		English west [wEst], French oui [wi]
x	x		Scots loch [lOx] or [5Ox]; German Buch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión
x\	ɧ		Swedish sjal [x\A:l]
y	y		French tu [ty] German über ["y:b6]
z	z		English zoo [zu:], French azote [a"zOt]
z`	ʐ		Mandarin Chinese rang [z`aN]
z\	ʑ		Polish źrebak ["z\rEbak]

Eva amin'ny renisoratra

X-SAMPA	AAI	Sary AAI	Ohatra
A	ɑ		English father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.)
B	β		Spanish lavar [la"Ba4]
B\	ʙ		Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
C	ç		German ich [IC], English human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-])
D	ð		English then [DEn]
E	ɛ		French même [mEm], English met [mEt] (RP and Gen.Am.)
F	ɱ		English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-])
G	ɣ		Greek γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@]
G\	ɢ		Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik]
G\_<	ʛ		Mam ʛa [G\_<a]
H	ɥ		French huit [Hit]
H\	ʜ
I	ɪ		English kit [kIt]
I\	ᵻ or ɪ̈	Polish ryba [rI\bA]
J	ɲ		Spanish año ["aJo], English canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-])
J\	ɟ		Hungarian egy [EJ\]
J\_<	ʄ		Sindhi ʄaro [J\_<aro]
K	ɬ		Welsh llaw [KaU]
K\	ɮ
L	ʎ		Italian famiglia [fa"miLLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], English million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-])
L\	ʟ
M	ɯ		Korean 으 (eu)
M\	ɰ		Spanish fuego ["fweM\o]
N	ŋ		English thing [TIN]
N\	ɴ		Japanese san [saN\]
O	ɔ		RP thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f]
O\	ʘ
P (or v\)	ʋ		Dutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of English phoneme /r\/
Q	ɒ		RP lot [lQt]
R	ʁ		German rein [RaIn]
R\	ʀ		French roi [R\wa]
S	ʃ		English ship [SIp]
T	θ		English thin [TIn]
U	ʊ		English foot [fUt]
U\	ᵿ or ʊ̈		English euphoria [jU\"fO@r\i@]
V	ʌ		RP English strut [str\Vt]
W	ʍ		Scots when [WEn]
X	χ		Klallam sχaʔqʷaʔ [sXa?q_wa?]
X\	ħ		Arabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:]
Y	ʏ		German hübsch [hYpS]
Z	ʒ		English vision ["vIZ@n]

Eva hafa

X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA image
.	.
"	ˈ
%	ˌ
' (or _j)	ʲ
:	ː
:\	ˑ
-	separator	Polish trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1] (affricate)
@	ə
@\	ɘ
{	æ
}	ʉ
1	ɨ
2	ø
3	ɜ
3\	ɞ
4	ɾ
5	ɫ
6	ɐ
7	ɤ
8	ɵ
9	œ
&	ɶ
?	ʔ
?\	ʕ
*	Soratra tsy voafaritra. Soratra mpanasaraka
/	indeterminacy in French vowels
<	begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)
<\	ʢ
>	end nonsegmental notation
>\	ʡ
^	ꜛ
!	ꜜ
!\	ǃ
|	|
|\	ǀ
||	‖
|\|\	ǁ
=\	ǂ
-\	‿

Diakritika

X-SAMPA	IPA	Sary AAI
_"	̈
_+	̟
_-	̠
_/	̌
_0	̥
_<	mitefoka anaty (Mampiasa eva manokana ny AAI)
= (or _=)	̩
_>	ʼ
_?\	ˤ
_\	̂	Feo midina
_^	̯
_}	̚
`	˞
~ (or _~)	̃
_A	̘
_a	̺
_B	̏
_B_L	᷅
_c	̜
_d	̪
_e	̴
<F>	↘
_F	̂
_G	ˠ
_H	́
_H_T	᷄
_h	ʰ
_j (or ')	ʲ
_k	̰
_L	̀
_l	ˡ
_M	̄
_m	̻
_N	̼
_n	ⁿ
_O	̹
_o	̞
_q	̙
<R>	↗
_R	̌
_R_F	᷈
_r	̝
_T	̋
_t	̤
_v	̬
_w	ʷ
_X	̆
_x	̽

Tabilao

Fônôlôjia

Consonants (pulmonic)
Place of articulation →	Labial		Coronal				Dorsal				Laryngeal
Manner of articulation ↓	Bilabial	Labio‐ dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post‐ alveolar	Retro‐ flex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular		Pharyn‐ geal		Epi‐ glottal		Glottal
Nasal	m	F	n			n`	J	N	N\
Plosive	p b	p_d b_d	t d			t` d`	c J\	k g	q G\		>\		?
Fricative	p\ B	f v	T D	s z	S Z	s` z`	C j\	x G	X	R	X\	?\	H\	<\	h h\
Approximant	B_o	v\	r\			r\`	j	M\
Trill	B\	r			*	R\		*
Tap or Flap	*†	*†	4			r`	*
Lateral Fricative	K K\			*	*	*
Lateral Approximant	l			l`	L	L\
Lateral Flap	l\			*	*	*

• Ny Lakroa (†)  dia maneho ireo eva AAI izay vao nampiana tamin'ny Unicode. Nanomboka tamin'ny volana Aprily 2008 dia nitranga ho an'ny fanononana AAI ny kopaky ny nify sy molotra: Ny eva manokana ho an'ny kopaky ny nify sy ny molotra dia mbola tsy misy amin'ny X-SAMPA.
  

Miara-tononina
W	Fanakaikezan'ny lanilany tsy misy feo ovain'ny molotra
w	Fanakaikezan'ny lanilany misy feo ovain'ny molotra
H	Tsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo
s\	Tsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo
z\	Tsoka terena aorian'ny lanilany tsy misy feo
x\	Tsoka terena amin'ny lanilany

Affricates ary avo roa heny articulation
ts
dz
tS
dZ
ts\
dz\
tK
kp
gb
Nm

Fônôlôjia (tsy pulmonic)
Potsitra		Implosives		Ejectives
O\	Bilabial	b_<	Bilabial	_>	Ohatra:
|\	Laminal alveolar ("nify")	d_<	Alveolar	p_>	Bilabial
ǃ\	Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex")	J\_<	Palatal	t_>	Alveolar
=\	Laminal postalveolar ("palatal")	g_<	Velar	k_>	Velar
|\|\	Lateral coronal ("lateral")	G\_<	Uvular	s_>	Alveolar fricative

Zanatsoratra

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Jereo koa

• Iraisam-pirenena Phonetic Abidy (TENY)
• Kirshenbaum sy WorldBet, rafitra mitovy
  
• Lisitry ny lohahevitra momba ny rafi-peo
  
• SAMPA, teny-manokana nodimbiasan'i X-SAMPA.