Hijery ny fangon'i Fiteny rosiana

{{infobox fiteny
|fiteny =Fiteny rosiana<br>русский язык
|isan'ny mpiteny = 144 tapitrisa (L1)<br>258 tapitrisa (L1+L2)
|faritany={{Rosia}} sy firenena manodidina
|sata=fiteny ôfisialin' i {{Rosia}}, {{Kazakstana}}, {{Belarosia}} ary {{Firenena Mikambana}}
}}
[[Sary:Ruština_ve_světě.svg|thumb|ankavanana|upright=1.25|saritan'ny tany miteny Rosy]]
Ny '''fiteny''' '''rosiana''' dia [[fiteny slava]] tenenina any amin' ny firenen' ny [[Firaisana Sôvietika]] taloha. Ny fiteny rosiana no fiteny ôfisialin' i [[Rosia]], izay nitana anjara asa lehibe amin' ny maha fiteny ifandraisan' ny samihafa firenena (''lingua franca'') azy tao amin' ny [[Empira Rosiana]] sy tao amin' ny Firaisana Sôvietika. Mbola ampiasaina ho fiteny faharoa ao amin' ireo repoblika sôvietika taloha ny fiteny rosiana. Atao hoe "fiteny rosiana lehibe" izy, ka mitambatra amin' ny [[fiteny bielôrosiana]] sy ny [[fiteny okrainiana]] ao amin' ny sampana atsinanana amin' ny fianakaviam-piteny slava.

Ny fiteny rosiana dia manana sata ôfisialy any [[Rosia]], [[Kazakstana]], [[Kirgizistana]], [[Belarosia]]. Na dia tsy manana sata ôfisialy aza izy, dia ampiasain' ny firenen' ny Firaisana Sôvietika taloha ho fiteny ifandraisana amin' ny vahiny ny fiteny rosiana. Araka izany dia isaina eo amin' ny 100 tapitrisa eo ho eo ny nianatra ilay fiteny eran' izao tontolo izao. Raha atambatra amin' ny isan' ny olona notezaina tamin' ny fiteny rosiana izany dia eo amin' ny 255 tapitrisa eo ho eo ny isan' ny olona miteny rosiana. Noho ny tanjaka ara-tafiky ny Firaisana Sôvietika taloha dia anisan' ny teny ôfisiain' ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] ny fiteny rosiana miaraka amin' ny [[fiteny arabo]], [[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]], [[Fiteny espaniôla|espaniola]], [[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]] ary [[Fiteny sinoa|sinoa]].

== Fanononana sy soratra ==

Ny fiteny rosiana dia soratana amin' ny alalan' ny [[abidy sirilika]] izay ahitana [[litera]] miisa telo amby telopolo. Ny litera iray, amin' ny ankapobeny, dia tsy maneho afa-tsy feo iray, misy anefa izany ny fitsipi-panononana tsy manaraka ny fanononana fototry ny litera tsirairay nefa tsotra izany.

Misy fomba roa fanononana ny renifeo: mateza ary malemy. Zava-dehibe amin' ny fiteny rosiana ny [[Tsindrimpeo|tsindrim-peo]], izay miovaova araky ny teny. Miova arak' izany ny fanononana ny [[zanapeo]]: hafohezina ny zanapeo tsy misy tsindrim-peo.

{| class=wikitable 
|+ '''Tabilaon' ny abidy sirilika ankehitriny'''
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc"
! Sorabaventy || Soramadinika || Anarana || Fanononana<br />([[AAI]])
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[А]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | а || ''a'' || {{SAPI|a}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Б]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | б || ''be'' || {{SAPI|b}} ~ {{MSAPI|b|ʲ}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[В]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | в || ''ve'' || {{SAPI|v}} ~ {{MSAPI|v|ʲ}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Г]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | г || ''ge'' || {{SAPI|g}} ~ {{MSAPI|g|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Д]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | д || ''de'' || {{SAPI|d}} ~ {{MSAPI|d|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Е]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | е || ''je'' || {{MSAPI|ʲ|e}} ~ {{MSAPI|j|e}}  
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ё]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ё || ''jo'' || {{MSAPI|ʲ|o}} ~ {{MSAPI|j|o}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ж]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ж || ''že'' || {{SAPI|ʒ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[З]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | з || ''ze'' || {{SAPI|z}} ~ {{MSAPI|z|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[И]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | и || ''i'' || {{SAPI|i}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[И|Й]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | й || ''i fohy''<br /> <small>и краткое</small> || {{SAPI|j}} 
|- 
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[К]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | к || ''ka'' || {{SAPI|k}} ~ {{MSAPI|k|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Л]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | л || ''el'' || {{SAPI|ɫ}} ~ {{MSAPI|l|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[М]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | м || ''em'' || {{SAPI|m}} ~ {{MSAPI|m|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Н]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | н || ''en'' || {{SAPI|n}} ~ {{MSAPI|n|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[О]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | о || ''o'' || {{SAPI|o}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[П]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | п || ''pe'' || {{SAPI|p}} ~ {{MSAPI|p|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Р]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | р || ''er'' || {{SAPI|r}} ~ {{MSAPI|r|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[С]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | с || ''es'' || {{SAPI|s}} ~ {{MSAPI|s|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Т]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | т || ''te'' || {{SAPI|t}} ~ {{MSAPI|t|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[У]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | у || ''u'' || {{SAPI|u}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ф]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ф || ''ef'' || {{SAPI|f}} ~ {{MSAPI|f|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Х]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | х || ''ha'' || {{SAPI|x}} ~ {{MSAPI|x|ʲ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ц]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ц || ''ce'' || {{SAPI|t͡s}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ч]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ч || ''če'' || {{MSAPI|t͡ʃ|ʲ}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ш]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ш || ''ša'' || {{SAPI|ʃ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Щ]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | щ || ''šča'' || {{MSAPI|ʃ|ʲ|ː}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ъ]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ъ || ''mafy'' <br /> <small>tvjordyj znak (твёрдый знак)</small>  || --
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ы]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ы || {{SAPI|ɨ}} 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ь]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ь || ''malemy''<br /> <small>mjagkij znak (мягкий знак)</small> || --
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Э]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | э || ''e mivadika''<br /><small>e oborotnoje (э оборотное)</small> || {{SAPI|ɛ}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Ю]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | ю || ''ju'' || {{MSAPI|ʲ|u}} ~ {{MSAPI|j|u}}
|-
| align="center" style="font-size:large" | [[Я]]|| align="center" style="font-size:large" | я || ''ja'' || {{MSAPI|ʲ|a}} ~ {{MSAPI|j|a}}
|}

== Fitenim-paritra rosiana ==
Ny fiteny rosiana dia mizara ho fitenim-paritra telo: ny fiteny rosiana avaratra sy ny fiteny rosiana atsimo ary ny fiteny rosiana afovoany, ka ity farany ity dia vondrona manelanelana ny mampiafandray nay vondrona avaratra sy atsimo. Ny fitenim-paritra atsimo sy afovoany dia miavaka amin' ny fisian' ny atao hoe ''akania'', izany hoe ny fifangaroam-panononaa eo amin' ny [[Zanatsoratra|zanapeo]] sasany tsy misy [[Tsindrimpeo|tsindrim-peo]]. Ny fiteny rosiana atao fenitra, izay foronin' ny fitenim-paritra afovoany ao [[Môskoa]], dia isan' ny fiteny ôfisialin' ny [[Firenena Mikambana]].

== Fitsipiteny ==

=== Ny anarana ===
Ny [[anarana]], izay mety ho [[Kilahivavy|kandahy]] na [[Kilahivavy|kambavy]] na tsy atsy tsy aroa, dia misy [[Endrika araka anjara asa|fiovana endrika arakaraka]] ny [[Anjara asa (fitsipiteny)|anjara asa]]<nowiki/>ny (nôminativa, akiozativa, jenitiva, dativa, fitaovana ary toerana) sy ny [[Filaza isa (fitsipiteny)|filaza isa]] (tokana sy maro).

Mifanaraka amin' ny kandahy na ny kambavy sy ny filaza isa ary ny endrika araka anjara asa ny [[Mpamaritra (fitsipiteny)|mpamaritra]] ([[mpamari-toetra]], sns).

=== Ny matoanteny ===
Miseho amin' ny [[Filazam-potoana (fitsipiteny)|filazam-potoana]], dia ny [[Filazam-potoana ankehitriny|ankehitriny]], ny [[Filazam-potoana lasa|lasa]] ary ny [[Filazam-potoana hoavy|hoavy]], ny [[matoanteny]].

Ny matoanteny koa dia manambara [[Fanehoan-javatra (fitsipiteny)|fanehoan-javatra]], izay mety ho [[Fanehoan-javatra mifetra sy tsy mifetra|fanehoan-javatra mifetra]] (perfektiva) sy ny [[Fanehoan-javatra mifetra sy tsy mifetra|fanehoan-javatra tsy mifetra]] (imperfektiva). Ny fanehoan-javatra mifetra dia maneho manontolo ny hetsika ambaran' ny matoanteny, matetika amin' ny fiheverana ny fahavitany. Ny fanehoan-javatra tsy mifetra kosa dia iheverana ny hetsika ambaran' ny matoanteny ho toy ny miverimberina.

Ny fanavahana ny fanehoan-javatra dia hita ao amin' ny [[Filaza (fitsipiteny)|filaza]] telo: [[Filaza tsotra (fitsipiteny)|tsotra]] (indikativa) sy [[Filaza ifampiankinana|ifampiankinana]]-[[Filaza mihonohono|mihonohono]] (kôndisiônaly-sobjônktiva) ary [[Filaza mandidy|mandidy]] (imperativa).

Ny fanehoan-javatra koa dia hita amin' ny [[ova-matoanteny]] (partisipa) sy amin' ny endriky ny matoanteny izay miasa toy ny [[tambinteny]] sy [[Mpamaritra (fitsipiteny)|mpamaritra]].

Ny matoanteny koa dia mety ho amin' ny [[fitodika mpanao]] (aktiva) na [[Fitodika iharana|iharana]] (pasiva).

=== Fandrafetana fehezanteny ===
Tsy hentitra ny filaharan' ny teny anaty [[fehezanteny]] noho ny fisian' ny fiovan' endriky ny teny arakaraka ny anjara asany am-pehezanteny, sy noho ny fisian' ny fitanisana matoanteny.

== Ny voambolana ==
Ny voambolana rosiana dia miavaka fahafahana mamorona teny ao amin' ny fisian' ny fianakavian-teny mivelatra dia mivelatra amin' ny alalan' ny fanasampanana teny avy amin' ny [[fototeny]] iray, izany hoe amin' ny alalan' ny fametrahana [[Tovona (fitsipiteny)|tovona]] sy [[Tovana (fitsipiteny)|tovana]] isan-karazany.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Rosia]]

* [[Rosiana (vahoaka)|Rosiana]]

* [[Fiteny ao Rosia]]
* [[Fiteny ao amin' ny Firenena Mikambana]]
* [[Fiteny slava|Fianakaviam-piteny slava]]
** [[Fiteny slava atsinanana]]
*** [[Fiteny bielôrosiana]]
*** [[Fiteny rosina]]
*** [[Fiteny okrainiana]]

{{vangovango|Rosia}}

[[Sokajy:Fiteny]]
[[Sokajy:Fiteny indô-eoropeanina]]