Tramadol
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | tra' ma dole |
| Trade names | Ultram, Zytram, others[1] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a695011 |
| [[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Endrika:Engvar data]] | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Dependence liability | Present[3] |
| Routes of administration | By mouth, IV, IM, rectal |
| Drug class | Opiate analgesic[4] |
| Sata ara-dalàna | |
| Sata ara-dalàna |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 70–75% (by mouth), 77% (rectal), 100% (IM)[5] |
| Protein binding | 20%[3] |
| Metabolism | Liver-mediated demethylation and glucuronidation via CYP2D6 & CYP3A4[5][6] |
| Metabolites | O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol |
| Onset of action | Less than 1 hour (by mouth)[3] |
| Elimination half-life | 6.3 ± 1.4 h[6] |
| Duration of action | 6 hours[7] |
| Excretion | Urine (95%)[8] |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.043.912Erreur de script : le module a renvoyé une valeur de type nil. Il est supposé renvoyer un tableau d’exportations. |
| Angon-drakitra simika sy ara-batana | |
| Raikipohy | C16H25NO2 |
| Molar mass | 263381 g·mol−1 |
| Modely 3D (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 180 to 181 °C (356 to 358 °F) |
| |
| |
| | |
Hadisoam-panehoan-kevitra: mpamaritra "<" tsy fantatra.Hadisoam-panehoan-kevitra: mpamaritra "<" tsy fantatra.Hadisoam-panehoan-kevitra: mpamaritra "<" tsy fantatra.
Ny Tramadol, amidy amin'ny anarana hoe Ultram ankoatra ny hafa,[1] dia fanafody fanaintainana opioid ampiasaina hitsaboana fanaintainana antonony ka hatramin'ny antonony.[3] Amin'ny ankapobeny dia tsy dia tian'ny olona loatra izy io raha oharina amin'ny fanafody fanaintainana hafa.[9] Rehefa raisina am-bava amin'ny endrika mamoaka avy hatrany, dia matetika manomboka ao anatin'ny adiny iray ny fanamaivanana ny fanaintainana.[3] Azo alaina amin'ny alalan'ny tsindrona ihany koa izy io.[10] Azo amidy miaraka amin'ny paracetamol (acetaminophen) na amin'ny endrika fanafody maharitra kokoa ny fiasany.[3][10]
Araka ny mahazatra amin'ny opiacés, ny voka-dratsy matetika aterak'izany dia ny fitohanana, ny mangidihidy,ny maloiloy.[3] Mety ahitana ny voka-dratsiny lehibe ny fikorontanan-tsaina, ny fitomboan'ny mety hisian'ny serotonin syndrome, ny fihenan'ny fahatsiarovan-tena, ary ny fiankinan-doha amin'ny zava-mahadomelina.[3] Mety ilaina ny fanovana ny fatra ho an'ireo manana olana amin'ny voa na aty.[3] Tsy soso-kevitra ho an'ireo izay mety hamono tena na ireo izay bevohoka izany.[3][10] Na dia tsy soso-kevitra ho an'ny vehivavy mampinono aza, ireo izay mihinana fatra tokana dia tsy tokony hampijanona ny fampinonoana amin'ny ankapobeny.[11] Ao amin'ny aty, ny Tramadol dia miova ho <i id="mweg">O-</i> desmethyltramadol (desmetramadol), opioid izay mifamatotra mafy kokoa amin'ny receptor μ-opioid.[3][12] Tramadol koa dia mpanakana ny serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI).[3][13]
Nahazo patanty ny Tramadol tamin'ny 1963 ary navoaka tamin'ny anarana hoe "Tramal" tamin'ny 1977 nataon'ny orinasa fanafody Alemana Andrefana Grünenthal GmbH.[13][14] Tamin'ny tapaky ny taona 1990, dia nekena tany Royaume-Uni sy Etazonia izany.[13] Azo vidiana amin'ny endrika fanafody tsy misy fangarony izy io ary amidy amin'ny marika maro maneran-tany.[3][1] Any Etazonia, latsaky ny 0.05 dolara amerikana isaky ny fatra ny vidin'ny ambongadiny tamin'ny taona 2018.[15] Any Kanada dia mitentina eo amin'ny 1.20 CAD eo ho eo isaky ny fatra amin'ny taona 2021.[9] Tamin'ny taona 2017, io no fanafody faha-32 be mpampiasa indrindra any Etazonia, miaraka amin'ny fanafody mihoatra ny 21 tapitrisa.[16][17]
References
[hanova | hanova ny fango]- 1 2 3 "Tramadol". Drugs.com (in Anglisy). Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ "Tramadol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Tramadol Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved Dec 1, 2014.
- ↑ "Tramadol". MedlinePlus. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1 September 2008. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- 1 2 Brayfield, A, ed. (13 December 2013). "Tramadol Hydrochloride". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- 1 2 "Ultram, Ultram ER (tramadol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ↑ Dayer, P; Desmeules, J; Collart, L (1997). "[Pharmacology of tramadol].". Drugs 53 Suppl 2: 18–24. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00006. PMID 9190321.
- ↑ "Australian Label: Tramadol Sandoz 50 mg capsules" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- 1 2 "[131] Tramadol: Where do we go from here?". Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- 1 2 3 (2017) British national formulary : BNF 74, 74, British Medical Association, 447–448.
- ↑ "Tramadol Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ↑ "Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol". Expert Opin Pharmacother 13 (10): 1437–49. 2012. doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.696097. PMID 22698264.
- 1 2 3 "Tramadol as an analgesic for mild to moderate cancer pain.". Pharmacological Reports 61 (6): 978–92. November–December 2009. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70159-8. PMID 20081232. http://www.if-pan.krakow.pl/pjp/pdf/2009/6_978.pdf. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ↑ Fischer, Jnos (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (in en). John Wiley & Sons.
- ↑ "NADAC as of 2018-12-19". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "Tramadol Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- Article with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Drugs with non-standard legal status
- ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata
- Pages using infobox drug with unknown parameters
- Infobox drug articles with non-default infobox title
- Chemical articles without CAS registry number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without UNII source
- Drugs missing an ATC code
- Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields
- Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields
- CS1 Anglisy-language sources (en)
- Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters
- Translated from MDWiki