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Sigara elektronika

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A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette. Also shown is a USB power charger, which the battery portion of the e-cigarette can be disconnected and recharged with.
Sigara elektronika taranaka voalohany izay mitovy amin'ny sigara paraky . Azo esorina ny bateria amin'ny sigara elektronika ary azo ampiasaina indray amin'ny alàlan'ny charger USB.
Various types of e-cigarettes, including a disposable e-cigarette, a rechargeable e-cigarette, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe.
Karazana sigara elektronika isan-karazany, anisan'izany ny sigara azo ariana, ny sigara azo averina ampiasaina, ny sigara antonony habe, ny sigara lehibe, ary ny sigara elektronika.

Sigara elektronika, fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe sigara elektronika, [2] dia fitaovana elektronika izay manahaka ny fifohana sigara.[3] Ny fampiasana sigara elektronika dia antsoina hoe "vaping".[4] Tsy azo antoka ny tombontsoa sy ny loza mety hitranga.[5][6][7] Ho an'ny olona iray dia azo inoana fa azo antoka kokoa noho ny fifohana sigara izy ireo,[8] ary ny NHS England dia manombana fa 95% tsy dia mampidi-doza loatra.[9] Toa mampitombo ny fampiasana sigara any aoriana ny fampiasana azy eo amin'ny tanora, ary koa eo amin'ny olon-dehibe.[10][11][12] Tsy fantatra ny fiantraikany maharitra sy ny fahasalaman'ny mponina.[10][13] Na dia heverina ho azo antoka kokoa aza ireo vokatra fanoloana nikôtinina voafehy, dia mety hanampy ny fialana amin'ny fifohana sigara elektronika.[14][13][15] Ho an'ny hafa, tsy manova ny tahan'ny fialana amin'ny sigara izy ireo.[16] Na dia ambany aza ny mety hisian'ny voka-dratsy lehibe amin'ny fotoana fohy, dia mitranga ihany izany.[17]

Izy io dia misy atomizer, loharanon-kery toy ny bateria, ary fitoeran-javatra toy ny cartridge na tanky.[4] Etona no fofonain'ny mpampiasa fa tsy setroka.[18] Singa fanafanana ny atomizer izay manapotika vahaolana ranoka antsoina hoe e-liquid.[19] Alefa amin'ny alalan'ny fifohana na fanindriana bokotra ny sigara elektronika.[4][20] Ny sasany dia mitovy amin'ny sigara nentim-paharazana,[4] ary ny ankamaroan'ny karazany dia azo averina ampiasaina.[21] Ny etona dia miforona avy amin'ny ranoka izay matetika ahitana propylene glycol, glycerin, nikôtinina ary zava-manitra . Matetika ny etona dia misy soritra loto toy ny nitrosamines, carcinogens, ary metaly mavesatra.[4][22] Miovaova ny firafiny marina, ary miankina amin'ny zavatra maromaro, anisan'izany ny fitondran-tenan'ny mpampiasa.[10]

Noforonina tany Shina tamin'ny taona 2003 izy ireo ary nozaraina voalohany tany Eoropa tamin'ny taona 2005 sy tany Etazonia tamin'ny taona 2007.[23][4] Tamin'ny taona 2011 dia nisy mpampiasa sigara elektronika olon-dehibe tokony ho 7 tapitrisa, niakatra ho 68 tapitrisa maneran-tany tamin'ny taona 2020.[24] Tany am-piandohan'ny taona 2010, eo amin'ny 10% eo ho eo amin'ireo tanora mpampiasa sigara elektronika no mbola tsy nifoka sigara mihitsy.[25] Noho ny fifanindran-dàlana amin'ny lalàna momba ny paraky sy ny politika momba ny fanafody ara-pitsaboana, dia iadian-kevitra any amin'ny firenena maro ny lalàna momba ny sigara elektronika.[26] Ny Torolàlana momba ny Vokatra Paraky nohavaozina avy amin'ny EU tamin'ny taona 2016, izay manome fitsipika henjana kokoa. Nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2016, nanitatra ny fahefany ara-dalàna ny FDA Amerikana mba hampidirana sigara elektronika.[27] Nampitombo ny ezaka ara-barotra nataony ireo orinasa mpanao paraky lehibe.[15] Endrika:Asof , nisy marika sigara elektronika miisa 466.[28] Manodidina ny 19 miliara dolara ny varotra maneran-tany tamin'ny taona 2020, ary i Etazonia no tsena lehibe indrindra.[24]

References

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  1. ↑ "Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 14 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ↑ Vapes, vaporizers, vape pens, hookah pens, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or e-cigs), and e-pipes are terms used to describe electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).[1]
  3. ↑ Caponnetto, Pasquale; Campagna, Davide; Papale, Gabriella; Russo, Cristina; Polosa, Riccardo (2012). "The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes". Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 6 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1586/ers.11.92. ISSN 1747-6348. PMID 22283580.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A.; Payne, Drew; Mulkey, Zachary; Nugent, Kenneth (2015). "Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians". The American Journal of Medicine 128 (7): 674–81. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.033. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 25731134.Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A.; Payne, Drew; Mulkey, Zachary; Nugent, Kenneth (2015).
  5. ↑ Ebbert, Jon O.; Agunwamba, Amenah A.; Rutten, Lila J. (2015). "Counseling Patients on the Use of Electronic Cigarettes". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 90 (1): 128–134. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.11.004. ISSN 0025-6196. PMID 25572196.
  6. ↑ Brady, Benjamin R.; De La Rosa, Jennifer S.; Nair, Uma S.; Leischow, Scott J. (2019). "Electronic Cigarette Policy Recommendations: A Scoping Review". American Journal of Health Behavior 43 (1): 88–104. doi:10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8. ISSN 1087-3244. PMID 30522569.
  7. ↑ Bals, Robert; Boyd, Jeanette; Esposito, Susanna; Foronjy, Robert; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A.; Katsaounou, Paraskevi; Lindberg, Anne et al. (2019). "Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society". European Respiratory Journal 53 (2): 1801151. doi:10.1183/13993003.01151-2018. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 30464018.
  8. ↑ Balfour, David J. K.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Lando, Harry A.; Leischow, Scott J.; Lerman, Caryn; Mermelstein, Robin J. et al. (September 2021). "Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes". American Journal of Public Health 111 (9): 1661–1672. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416. PMC 8589069. PMID 34410826. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  9. ↑ "E-cigarettes around 95% less harmful than tobacco estimates landmark review". gov.uk. Public Health England. Archived from the original on 2022-07-25. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  10. 1 2 3 "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020. For youth and young adults, there is substantial evidence that e-cigarette use increases the risk of ever using combustible tobacco cigarettes.
  11. ↑ "E-cigarettes". www.who.int (in Anglisy). Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence in some settings that never-smoker minors who use ENDS at least double their chance of starting to smoke conventional tobacco cigarettes later in life.
  12. ↑ McMillen, R; Klein, JD; Wilson, K; Winickoff, JP; Tanski, S (2019). "E-Cigarette Use and Future Cigarette Initiation Among Never Smokers and Relapse Among Former Smokers in the PATH Study.". Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 134 (5): 528-536. doi:10.1177/0033354919864369. PMID 31419184.
  13. 1 2 Thombs, Brett D.; Traversy, Gregory; Reynolds, Donna L.; Lang, Eddy; Groulx, Stéphane; Wilson, Brenda J. (25 August 2025). "Recommendations on interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults in Canada" (in en). CMAJ 197 (28): E846–E861. doi:10.1503/cmaj.241584. ISSN 0820-3946. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/197/28/E846#msdynmkt_trackingcontext=56b3452a-7303-4eb4-a582-3f7ff6120200. Retrieved 26 August 2025.
  14. ↑ Lindson, N; Butler, AR; McRobbie, H; Bullen, C; Hajek, P; Wu, AD; Begh, R; Theodoulou, A et al. (29 January 2025). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 1 (1): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub9. PMID 39878158.
  15. 1 2 Drummond, MB; Upson, D (February 2014). "Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits.". Annals of the American Thoracic Society 11 (2): 236–42. doi:10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr. PMC 5469426. PMID 24575993. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5469426.Drummond, MB; Upson, D (February 2014).
  16. ↑ Hedman, L; Galanti, MR; Ryk, L; Gilljam, H; Adermark, L (13 Oct 2021). "Electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in cohort studies and randomized trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Tobacco Prevention and Cessation (European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention) 7 (62): 62. doi:10.18332/tpc/142320. PMC 8508281. PMID 34712864. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8508281.
  17. ↑ Paley, Grace L.; Echalier, Elizabeth; Eck, Thomas W.; Hong, Augustine R.; Farooq, Asim V.; Gregory, Darren G.; Lubniewski, Anthony J. (2016). "Corneoscleral Laceration and Ocular Burns Caused by Electronic Cigarette Explosions". Cornea 35 (7): 1015–1018. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000881. ISSN 0277-3740. PMC 4900417. PMID 27191672. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4900417.
  18. ↑ Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995255.
  19. ↑ Weaver, Michael; Breland, Alison; Spindle, Tory; Eissenberg, Thomas (2014). "Electronic Cigarettes". Journal of Addiction Medicine 8 (4): 234–240. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000043. ISSN 1932-0620. PMC 4123220. PMID 25089953. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4123220.
  20. ↑ "Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues". Tob Induc Dis 12 (1): 21. 2014. doi:10.1186/1617-9625-12-21. PMC 4350653. PMID 25745382. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4350653.
  21. ↑ Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (2017). "Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 67 (6): 449–471. doi:10.3322/caac.21413. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 28961314.
  22. ↑ Health, CDC's Office on Smoking and (21 March 2022). "Smoking and Tobacco Use; Electronic Cigarettes". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in anglais américain). Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  23. ↑ PHE (15 May 2014). "Electronic cigarettes: reports commissioned by PHE". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  24. 1 2 Shapiro, Harry (2020). "Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction". Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  25. ↑ Dutra, LM; Glantz, SA (November 2014). "High international electronic cigarette use among never smoker adolescents.". The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 55 (5): 595-7. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.010. PMID 25344030.
  26. ↑ Kim, Ki-Hyun; Kabir, Ehsanul; Jahan, Shamin Ara (2016). "Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: their potential human health impact". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 34 (4): 262–275. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604. ISSN 1059-0501. PMID 27635466.
  27. ↑ "FDA's New Regulations for E-Cigarettes, Cigars, and All Other Tobacco Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  28. ↑ "WHO report on regulation of e-cigarettes and similar products". Blog - Tobacco Control. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
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