Metronidazole

Metronidazole
Clinical data
Pronunciation	Endrika:IPAc-en
Trade names	Flagyl, Filmet, Metro, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Systemic: Monograph; Topical: Monograph
MedlinePlus	a689011
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods \|Endrika:Engvar data]]	US DailyMed: Metronidazole; US FDA: Metronidazole;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B2;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, topical, rectal, IV, vaginal
Sata ara-dalàna
Sata ara-dalàna	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	80% (by mouth), 60–80% (rectal), 20–25% (vaginal)
Protein binding	20%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Metabolites	Hydroxymetronidazole
Elimination half-life	8 hours
Excretion	Urine (77%), faeces (14%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol ;
Angon-drakitra simika sy ara-batana
Raikipohy	C6H9N3O3
Molar mass	171156 g·mol−1
Modely 3D (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	159 to 163 °C (318 to 325 °F)
	SMILES OCCn1c(C)ncc1[N+](=O)[O-] ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3 ; Key:VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Ny Metronidazole, amidy amin'ny anarana marika Flagyl ankoatra ny hafa, dia fanafody antibiotika sy antiprotozoal.^[4] Ampiasaina irery na miaraka amin'ny antibiotika hafa izy io mba hitsaboana ny aretin'ny valahana, ny endocarditis, ary ny vaginose bakteria.^[4] Mandaitra amin'ny dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, ary amebiasis izy io.^[4] Safidy iray ho an'ny tranga voalohany amin'ny colitis <i id="mwUg">Clostridium difficile</i> malemy ka hatramin'ny antonony raha tsy misy vancomycin na fidaxomicin.^[4]^[5] Azo alaina am-bava, toy ny crème, ary tsindrona ao anaty lalan-drà ny Metronidazole.

Anisan'ny voka-dratsiny mahazatra ny maloiloy, tsiro metaly, tsy fahazotoan-komana, ary aretin'andoha. Indraindray dia mety hitranga ny fikorontanan-tsaina na ny tsy fahazakana ny fanafody.^[4] Misy milaza fa tsy tokony hampiasaina amin'ny fiandohan'ny fitondrana vohoka ny metronidazole, fa ny hafa kosa milaza fa azo antoka ny fatra ho an'ny trichomoniasis.^[6] Tsy mitovy hevitra ny loharanom-baovao momba ny fiarovana amin'ny fampinonoana .

Nanomboka nampiasaina ara-barotra tany Frantsa ny Metronidazole tamin'ny taona 1960.^[7] Ao amin'ny lisitry ny fanafody tena ilaina ao amin'ny Fikambanana Iraisam-pirenena Momba ny Fahasalamana izany.^[8] Azo alaina any amin'ny ankamaroan'ny faritra eto amin'izao tontolo izao izy io. Tsy dia lafo loatra ireo pilina ireo, eo anelanelan'ny US$0,01 sy US$0,10 ny iray.^[9] Any Etazonia, eo amin'ny 26 dolara amerikana eo ho eo ny fitsaboana folo andro. Tamin'ny taona 2017, io no fanafody faha-58 be mpampiasa indrindra any Etazonia, miaraka amin'ny fanafody mihoatra ny roa ambin'ny folo tapitrisa.

References

1 2 3 4 5 "Flagyl, Flagyl ER (metronidazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 7 Aprily 2014. Retrieved 3 Aprily 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help) Endrika:Webarchive
1 2 3 4 5 Brayfield, A, ed. (14 January 2014). "Metronidazole". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 3 April 2014.Endrika:Dead link
↑ (2017) Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 39th, London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1 2 3 4 5 "Metronidazole". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 6 Septambra 2015. Retrieved 31 Jolay 2015. Endrika:Webarchive
↑ "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)". Clinical Infectious Diseases 66 (7): e1–e48. March 2018. doi:10.1093/cid/cix1085. PMC 6018983. PMID 29462280. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6018983.
↑ "Metronidazole Use During Pregnancy". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 Janoary 2017. Retrieved 1 Janoary 2017. Endrika:Webarchive
↑ (2013) Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
↑ (2019) World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
↑ (2014) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8, Elsevier Health Sciences.

[MSR-1] 1 2 3 4 5 "Flagyl, Flagyl ER (metronidazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 7 Aprily 2014. Retrieved 3 Aprily 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help) Endrika:Webarchive

[MD-2] 1 2 3 4 5 Brayfield, A, ed. (14 January 2014). "Metronidazole". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 3 April 2014.Endrika:Dead link

[3] (2017) Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 39th, London: Pharmaceutical Press.

[AHFS2015-4] 1 2 3 4 5 "Metronidazole". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 6 Septambra 2015. Retrieved 31 Jolay 2015. Endrika:Webarchive

[IDSA2017-5] "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)". Clinical Infectious Diseases 66 (7): e1–e48. March 2018. doi:10.1093/cid/cix1085. PMC 6018983. PMID 29462280. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6018983.

[Preg2017-6] "Metronidazole Use During Pregnancy". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 Janoary 2017. Retrieved 1 Janoary 2017. Endrika:Webarchive

[7] (2013) Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.

[WHO21st-8] (2019) World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[ref4-9] (2014) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8, Elsevier Health Sciences.

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