Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate
Clinical data
Pronunciation	Endrika:IPAc-en
Trade names	Ritalin, Concerta, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682188
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods \|Endrika:Engvar data]]	US FDA: Methylphenidate;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3;
Dependence; liability	High
Addiction; liability	High
Routes of; administration	By mouth, transdermal
Drug class	CNS stimulant
Sata ara-dalàna
Sata ara-dalàna	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); CA: Schedule III; DE: Anlage III (Special prescription form required); UK: Class B; US: Schedule II;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Approx. 30% (range: 11–52%)
Protein binding	10–33%
Metabolism	Liver (80%) mostly CES1A1-mediated
Elimination half-life	2–3 hours
Excretion	Urine (90%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name Methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5023299Erreur de script : le module a renvoyé une valeur de type nil. Il est supposé renvoyer un tableau d’exportations.;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.662Erreur de script : le module a renvoyé une valeur de type nil. Il est supposé renvoyer un tableau d’exportations.
Angon-drakitra simika sy ara-batana
Raikipohy	C14H19NO2
Molar mass	233.31 g/mol
Modely 3D (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	74 °C (165 °F)
Boiling point	136 °C (277 °F)
	SMILES O=C(OC)C(C1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3 ; Key:DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

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Ny Methylphenidate, amidy amin'ny anarana ara-barotra Ritalin ankoatra ny hafa, dia fanafody mampientanentana ampiasaina hitsaboana ny fikorontanan'ny fifantohana sy ny fiasan'ny saina (ADHD) sy ny narcolepsy . Fanafody voalohany ho an'ny ADHD izy io.^[1] Azo raisina am-bava na ampiasaina amin'ny hoditra izy io.^[1] Samy hafa ny faharetan'ny vokany amin'ny karazana fanafody samihafa.^[1]

Anisan'ny voka-dratsin'ny methylphenidate ny fahasarotana amin'ny torimaso, ny fihenan'ny fahazotoan-komana, ny tebiteby ary ny fihenan-danja. Mety ahitana voka-dratsy lehibe kokoa ny aretin-tsaina, ny fihetseham-po mahazaka, ny fananganana maharitra, ny fidorohana zava-mahadomelina, ary ny olana amin'ny fo.^[1] Inoana fa miasa amin'ny alàlan'ny fanakanana ny fidiran'ny dopamine sy norepinephrine indray ataon'ny neurons ny Methylphenidate.^[5]^[6] Methylphenidate dia mpandrisika ny rafi-pitatitra foibe (CNS) ao amin'ny kilasy phenethylamine sy piperidine.^[1]^[7]

Ny Methylphenidate dia novokarina voalohany tamin'ny 1944 ary nekena ho ampiasaina amin'ny fitsaboana any Etazonia tamin'ny 1955.^[8] Namidin'ny orinasa soisa CIBA, izay Novartis Corporation ankehitriny, izy io tany am-boalohany.^[8] Tombanana ho 2.4 lavitrisa fatra methylphenidate no noraisina maneran-tany tamin'ny taona 2013. Tamin'ny taona 2017, io no fanafody faha-47 be mpampiasa indrindra any Etazonia, miaraka amin'ny fanafody mihoatra ny 16 tapitrisa. Azo alaina amin'ny endrika fanafody tsy misy fangarony izy io.^[1] Any Etazonia, ny vidin'ny fanafody ambongadiny amin'ny famoahana eo no ho eo dia latsaky ny US$0.30 isaky ny fatra tamin'ny taona 2018.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hadisoan-tsiahy: Balise <ref> incorrecte : aucun texte n’a été fourni pour les références nommées "AHFS2018"
↑ (2012) Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures (in en). Elsevier Health Sciences. Endrika:Webarchive
↑ "Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of methylphenidate". Clinical Pharmacokinetics 37 (6): 457–70. December 1999. doi:10.2165/00003088-199937060-00002. PMID 10628897.
1 2 Endrika:Cite encyclopedia
↑ "Neurobiology of Executive Functions: Catecholamine Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Functions". Biological Psychiatry 57 (11): 1377–84. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019. PMID 15950011.
↑ Stahl, Stephen M. (11 April 2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, 4th, Cambridge University Press.
↑ Preedy, Victor R. (2016). Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 3: General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions (in en). Academic Press.
1 2 "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2 (4): 241–55. 2010. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3000907.

[AHFS2018-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hadisoan-tsiahy: Balise <ref> incorrecte : aucun texte n’a été fourni pour les références nommées "AHFS2018"

[2] (2012) Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures (in en). Elsevier Health Sciences. Endrika:Webarchive

[pmid10628897-3] "Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of methylphenidate". Clinical Pharmacokinetics 37 (6): 457–70. December 1999. doi:10.2165/00003088-199937060-00002. PMID 10628897.

[Pubchem_properties-4] 1 2 Endrika:Cite encyclopedia

[Arn2005-5] "Neurobiology of Executive Functions: Catecholamine Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Functions". Biological Psychiatry 57 (11): 1377–84. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019. PMID 15950011.

[St4th-6] Stahl, Stephen M. (11 April 2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, 4th, Cambridge University Press.

[7] Preedy, Victor R. (2016). Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 3: General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions (in en). Academic Press.

[Lang2010-8] 1 2 "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2 (4): 241–55. 2010. doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMC 3000907. PMID 21258430. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3000907.

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