Coffea

Ny Coffea dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony sy roa ravin-tsioka, ao amin' ny fianakaviana Rubiaceae, ao amin' ny filaharana Gentianales. Atao amin' ny teny malagasy hoa kafe izy ireo, indrindra fa ny karazana izay fanao zava-pisotro ny voany. Mahatratra 80 hatramin' ny 130 ny karazan-kafe ka ny sasany tena hazo fa ny sasany indray hazobotry. Any amin' ny faritra manana toetanin-jana-pehintany aty Afrika sy any Azia no fiavian' ny kafe. Ny sasany amin' ireo karazana ireo dia ambolena hahazoana ny voany, izay amokarana zava-pisotro mitovy anarana aminy sady sotroina manerana izao tontolo izao. Karazana roa no tena ambolena, dia ny Coffea arabica sy ny Coffea canephora. Misy ihany ny maboly ilay karazana atao hoe Coffea liberica.

Karazana

Lisitry ny karazana

Tamin' ny Janoary 2026 dia manaiky ireto karazana 133 manaraka ireto sy ny safiotra iray ny Plants of the World Online:

Coffea abbayesii J.-F.Leroy
Coffea affinis De Wild.
Coffea alleizettii Dubard
Coffea ambanjensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea ambongensis J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea andrambovatensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea ankaranensis J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea anthonyi Stoff. & F.Anthony
Coffea arabica L.
Coffea arenesiana J.-F.Leroy
Coffea augagneurii Dubard
Coffea bakossii Cheek & Bridson
Coffea benghalensis B.Heyne ex Roth
Coffea bertrandii A.Chev.
Coffea betamponensis Portères & J.-F.Leroy
Coffea bissetiae A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea boinensis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea boiviniana (Baill.) Drake
Coffea bonnieri Dubard
Coffea brassii (J.-F.Leroy) A.P.Davis
Coffea brevipes Hiern
Coffea bridsoniae A.P.Davis & Mvungi
Coffea buxifolia A.Chev.
Coffea callmanderi A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner
Coffea carrissoi A.Chev.
Coffea charrieriana Stoff. & F.Anthony
Coffea cochinchinensis Pierre ex Pit.
Coffea commersoniana (Baill.) A.Chev.
Coffea congensis A.Froehner
Coffea costatifructa Bridson
Coffea coursiana J.-F.Leroy
Coffea dactylifera Robbr. & Stoff.
Coffea darainensis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea decaryana J.-F.Leroy
Coffea dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand
Coffea dubardii Jum.
Coffea ebracteolata (Hiern) Brenan
Coffea eugenioides S.Moore
Coffea fadenii Bridson
Coffea farafanganensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea floresiana Boerl.
Coffea fotsoana Stoff. & Sonké
Coffea fragilis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea fragrans Wall. ex Hook.f.
Coffea gallienii Dubard
Coffea grevei Drake ex A.Chev.
Coffea heimii J.-F.Leroy
Coffea × heterocalyx Stoff.
Coffea homollei J.-F.Leroy
Coffea horsfieldiana Miq.
Coffea humbertii J.-F.Leroy
Coffea humblotiana Baill.
Coffea humilis A.Chev.
Coffea jumellei J.-F.Leroy
Coffea kalobinonensis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea kapakata (A.Chev.) Bridson
Coffea kianjavatensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea kihansiensis A.P.Davis & Mvungi
Coffea kimbozensis Bridson
Coffea kivuensis Lebrun
Coffea klainei Pierre ex De Wild.
Coffea labatii A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea lancifolia A.Chev.
Coffea lebruniana Germ. & Kesler
Coffea leonimontana Stoff.
Coffea leroyi A.P.Davis
Coffea liaudii J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis
Coffea liberica W.Bull
Coffea ligustroides S.Moore
Coffea littoralis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea lulandoensis Bridson
Coffea mabesae (Elmer) J.-F.Leroy
Coffea macrocarpa A.Rich.
Coffea madurensis Teijsm. & Binn. ex Koord.
Coffea magnistipula Stoff. & Robbr.
Coffea malabarica (Sivar., Biju & P.Mathew) A.P.Davis
Coffea mangoroensis Portères
Coffea mannii (Hook.f.) A.P.Davis
Coffea manombensis A.P.Davis
Coffea mapiana Sonké, Nguembou & A.P.Davis
Coffea mauritiana Lam.
Coffea mayombensis A.Chev.
Coffea mcphersonii A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea melanocarpa Welw. ex Hiern
Coffea merguensis Ridl.
Coffea microdubardii A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea millotii J.-F.Leroy
Coffea minutiflora A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea mogenetii Dubard
Coffea mongensis Bridson
Coffea montekupensis Stoff.
Coffea montis-sacri A.P.Davis
Coffea moratii J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea mufindiensis Hutch. ex Bridson
Coffea myrtifolia (A.Rich. ex DC.) J.-F.Leroy
Coffea namorokensis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea neobridsoniae A.P.Davis
Coffea neoleroyi A.P.Davis
Coffea perrieri Drake ex Jum. & H.Perrier
Coffea pervilleana (Baill.) Drake
Coffea pocsii Bridson
Coffea pseudozanguebariae Bridson
Coffea pterocarpa A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea pustulata A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea racemosa Lour.
Coffea rakotonasoloi A.P.Davis
Coffea ratsimamangae J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea resinosa (Hook.f.) Radlk.
Coffea rhamnifolia (Chiov.) Bridson
Coffea richardii J.-F.Leroy
Coffea rizetiana Stoff. & Noirot
Coffea rupicola A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea sahafaryensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea sakarahae J.-F.Leroy
Coffea salvatrix Swynn. & Philipson
Coffea sambavensis J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea sapinii (De Wild.) A.P.Davis
Coffea schliebenii Bridson
Coffea semsei (Bridson) A.P.Davis
Coffea sessiliflora Bridson
Coffea stenophylla G.Don
Coffea tetragona Jum. & H.Perrier
Coffea togoensis A.Chev.
Coffea toshii A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea travancorensis Wight & Arn.
Coffea tricalysioides J.-F.Leroy
Coffea tsirananae J.-F.Leroy
Coffea vatovavyensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea vavateninensis J.-F.Leroy
Coffea vianneyi J.-F.Leroy
Coffea vohemarensis A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
Coffea wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
Coffea zanguebariae Lour.

Karazana misy eto Madagasikara

Eo anelanelan' ny 45 sy 71 ny karazana Coffea izay tsy hita afa-tsy eto Madagasikara. Indfreto ny sasany amin' izy ireo (miisa 64):

Coffea abbayesii
Coffea affinis
Coffea alleizettii
Coffea ambanjensis
Coffea ambodirianensis
Coffea ambongensis
Coffea andrambovatensis
Coffea ankaranensis
Coffea anthonyi
Coffea arabica
Coffea arenesiana
Coffea augagneurii
Coffea bertrandii
Coffea betamponensis
Coffea bissetiae
Coffea boinensis
Coffea abbayesii
Coffea boiviniana
Coffea bonnieri
Coffea brassii
Coffea buxifolia
Coffea callmanderi
Coffea canephora
Coffea commersoniana
Coffea coursiana
Coffea darainensis
Coffea decaryana
Coffea dolichophylla
Coffea dubardii
Coffea farafanganensis
Coffea fragilis
Coffea grevei
Coffea homollei
Coffea humbertii
Coffea jumellei
Coffea kalobinonensis
Coffea kianjavatensis
Coffea labatii
Coffea lancifolia
Coffea leroyi
Coffea liaudii
Coffea littoralis,
Coffea macrocarpa
Coffea mangoroensis
Coffea manombensis
Coffea mcphersonii
Coffea microdubardii
Coffea millotii
Coffea minutiflora
Coffea mogenetii
Coffea montis-sacri.
Coffea moratii
Coffea mufindiensis
Coffea namorokensis
Coffea perrieri
Coffea pervilleana
Coffea pterocarpa
Coffea pustulata
Coffea ratsimamangae
Coffea rhamnifolia
Coffea rupicola
Coffea sambavensis.
Coffea tsirananae
Coffea vaughanii

Karazan-kafe famboly

Maro amin' ny karazana 130 ao amin' ny Coffea no mety amin' ny famokarana zava-pisotro, fa ny Coffea arabica no tena sarobidy indrindra. Ny karazana hafa — indrindra fa ny Coffea canephora (robusta) — dia ambolena amin' ny tany tsy mety amin' ny arabica. Ny robusta, izay mora vidy kokoa sy mora ambolena kokoa noho ny arabica, dia ampiasaina amin' ny famokarana zava-pisotro kafe vita eo noho eo. Ny fambolena Coffea stenophylla, izay manana tsiro tsara toy ny Coffea arabica tsara indrindra sy mifanaraka amin' ny mari-pana isan-taona ambony kokoa (25 °C fa tsy 19 °C), dia heverina ho fanolo azo atao ho setrin' ny fiovan' ny toetany.

Karazana kafe roa ihany no tena be mpamboly, izay avy aty Afrika: ny Coffea arabica sy ny kafe Coffea canephora. Ny kafe arabika dia avy any Etiôpia ary volena indrindra any Amerika Latina. Ny kafe robusta dia volena indrindra aty Afrika, indrindra ao Kôtidivoara, sy any Atsinanana Indrindra, indrindra ao Vietnamy.

Fambolena kafe

Efa tany amin’ ny taonjato faha-7 tal. J.K. no nambolen’ ny olona ny kafe, izay vanimpotoana namokarana azy tany Arabia, teny amoron’ ny Ranomasina Mena. Nanomboka tamin’ ny taonjato faha-15 dia niitatra nankany Iemena ny fambolena kafe, avy eo nankany amin’ny Atsinanana manontolo eto amin’ izao tontolo izao.

Nandritra ny taonjato faha-17 dia nitombo tsikelikely ny fisotroana kafe tao Eorôpa. Nanomboka namboly kefe ny Hôlandey tao amin’ ny zanataniny toa an’ i Java sy i Seilana. Nandritra ny ampahefany voalohany amin’ ny taonjato faha-18 dia nanomboka namboly kafe tany Martinika ny Frantsay. Nanomboka namboly kafe amin’ ny tany midadasika tany Jamaika ny Britanika tamin’ ny taona 1723 ary ny Espaniôla tany Filipina tamin’ io taona io ihany. Nitatra nankany Amerika Latina ny fambolena kafe, ny tao Brezily dia efa tamin’ ny taona 1723 no anomboka.

Ny firenena mpamokatra kafe (taona 2018)

	Firenena	Famokarana (taonina)
1	Brezila	3 556 638
2	Vietnamy	1 61 307
3	Indônezia	722 461
4	Kôlômbia	720 634
5	Hôndorasy	481 053
6	Etiôpia	470 221
7	Pero	369 622
8	India	326 982
9	Goatemala	245 580
10	Oganda	211 200
Maneran-tany		10 303 122
Loharano: FAOSTAT

Miovaova ny filaharan' ny firenena mpamokatra kafe araka ny habetsahan' ny vokatra, nefa i Brezily no lohalaharana amin’ ny fambolena kafe ao Amerika Atsimo sy manerana izao tontolo izao. Niely aty Afrika koa ny fambolena kafe nandritra ny taonjato faha-20, ka i Madagasikara no lohalaharana taty Afrika, izay arakarahin’ i Kôngô sy i Kamerona ary i Angôla. Tonga tany Azia koa ny fambolena kafe, na dia tsy tena mandroso be aza, toy ny any Indônezia.

Tamin' ny taompolo 2000, ny mpamokatra kafe voalohany dia i Brezily, manaraka azy i Kôlômbia, i Indônezia, i Japana, i Kôtidivoara, i Meksika, i Goatemala, i Oganda ary i Etiôpia. Ny ankabetsahan’ ny kafe vokarina maneran-tany dia avy any Amerika, ka ny kafe arabica no vokariny amin’ izany.

Jereo koa

Kafe (voany)

Kafe (zava-pisotro)