Coccinia grandis

Ny Coccinia grandis dia karazana zavamaniry mamony, ao amin' ny fianakaviana Cucurbitaceae. Izy io dia zavamaniry ahitra maniry mihoatra ny roa taona, mianika, teratany any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly aty Afrika sy Azia. Matetika izy io no hita any amin' ny fanjakana maro any India izay anaovan' ny olona azy sakafo. Ny Coccinia grandis dia ahandroina atao legioma. Any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia ambolena izy io mba hahazoana tsimoka tanora sy ny voany azo hanina.

Toetoetrany

Ny Coccinia grandis dia zavamaniry ahitra, vahy mianika na mandady, velona mihoatra ny roa taona noho ny fananany faka mibontsina ka lasa vodiny. Misy lahy sy vavy ity zavamaniry ity (diôika).

Tahony

Ny tahon' ny Coccinia grandis, izay tsy misy volovolony, dia mety hanana halavany hatramin' ny 20 m. Ireo tahony ireo dia misy tangolika mpanampy tsotra. Raha mandady amin' ny tany ny tahony dia ivoahan' ny faka saika amin' ny tonony rehetra, izay mihalehibe sady manjary vodiny, ka miteraka zanany maro ary ahafahany mitombo taranaka amin' ny fomba mahomby.

Raviny

Mifandimby sy feno ny ravin' ny Coccinia grandis, izay manana halava mahatratra 15 sm. Mizara dimy ny felan-dravina, izay miendrika fo eo amin' ny fotony sady manana tendro maranitra. Mety hahatratra halavany 5 sm ny tangozan-draviny.

Voniny

Mipoitra eo ampototry ny ravina ny vonin' ny Coccinia grandis, izay matetika manirery. Lahy na vavy ny voniny izay manana felambony miendrika atody miisa dimy, miloko fotsy. Manana lahimbony telo ny voniny lahy, Lasa lahimbony momba izany ao amin' ny voniny vavy. Ity farany ity dia manana fihary atodinaina ambany.

Voany

Miendrika atody lavalava, manana halava mirefy 2,5 hatramin' ny 6 sm ny voan' ny Coccinia grandis. Malambolambo ny hodiny ary miloko maitso amin' ny voalohany sady misy soritsoritra mazava kokoa, izay mivadika mena midorehitra rehefa masaka. Misy vihiny maromaro mirefy 6 mm eo ho eo ireo voany ireo. Misy ny manana tsiro mamy fa misy koa ny mangidy. Ahitana beta-karôtenina betsaka ny voan' ny Coccinia grandis.

Jeôgrafia sy ekôlôjia

Faritra eto ambonin' ny tany anirany

Ny Coccinia grandis dia teratany aty Afrika ka hatrany Azia. Aty Afrika dia hita any Senegaly ka hatrany Sômalia sy any Tanzania, mandalo an' i Maly, i Tsady, Sodana, Etiôpia, Eritrea, Nizeria, Kamerona, Repoblikan' i Afrika Afovoany, Repoblika Demôkratikan’ i Kôngô, Oganda ary Kenia, Anisan' ny firenena any Azia ahitana azy i India, i Filipina, i Kambôja, i Sina, i Indônezia, i Malezia, i Mianmara, i Tailandy, i Vietnamy, i Papoazia-Ginea-Vaovao (tapany atsinanana), ary i Aostralia (any Northern Territory). Anisan' ny nampidirana azy i Mikrônezia, Fijy, Gam (nosy any amin' ny faritra Mikrônezia), Espaina, Hawaii, tangoronosy Marshall, Samôa, Tônga, ary Vanoatuo.

Fielezany

Ny vihy na ny ampahan-tahony dia azo afindra toerana ary mampitombo ny taranaka. Mitranga izany rehefa mitondra fako na fitaovana misy Coccinia grandis ny olona. Raha vao tafaorina ilay zavamaniry dia azo inoana fa hampiely azy ny vorona sy ny voalavo ary ny biby mampinono hafa. Any Hawaii dia aparitaky ny kisoa ny voa. Ny fanaparitahana any amn' ny toeran-davitra dia matetika ataon' ny olombelona noho ny fampiasana azy amin' ny fikarakarana sakafo na tsy nahy.

Heverina ho zavamaniry tena manafika sy tafiditra ao amin' ny lisitry ny ahi-dratsy ao amin' ny fanjakan' i Hawaii izy zavamaniry ity, izay afaka hitombo hatramin' ny 4 sm isan' andro. Izy io dia mamorona lafika matevina, manakona ny tara-masoandro sy mitroka otrikaina be dia be, ka mahafaty ny zavamaniry ao ambaniny. Nampidirina tany Hawaii izy io mba hovolena an-jaridaina hatao sakafo. Indraindray izy io dia avela haniry amin' ny fefin-jaridaina sy ny zavatra hafa ivelan' ny trano noho fananany ny voniny fotsy mahafinaritra. Tafala avy amin' ny zaridaina izy io ary lasa zavamaniry mpanimba mahery vaika any Hawaii, any Florida, any Aostralia ary any Texas.

Fampiasana azy amin' ny sakafo

Azo hanina ny ravina sy ny voan' ny Coccinia grandis rehefa voakarakara tsara. Tena tsara izy ireo rehefa masaka nandrahoina, ary matetika ampitovina amin' ny margôzy. Ny voany dia matetika ampiasaina amin' ny nahandro indiana. Any Indônezia sy amin' ny firenena sasany any Azia Atsimo Atsinanana dia hanin' ny olona ny voany sy ny raviny. Any Tailandy dia anisan' ny akora ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana lasopy ny voany. Any Tailandy ihany dia atao legioma ampiarahina amin' ny sakafo misy vary na paty ny zavamaniry tanora raha mbola eo anelanelan' ny 40 ka sy 50 sm ny halavany.

Any India dia hanina izy io: na endasina miaraka amin' ny zava-manitra, na tsentsemana masala sy endasina maimaika, na andrahoina amin' ny rano aloha alohan' ny hanendasana azy. Izy io koa dia ampiasaina amin' ny lasopy misy legioma sy karazana voamaina Lens culinaris. Ampiasaina koa ny voany mantatsy matoy mba hikarepoka rehefa hanina.

Fampiasana amin' ny fitsaboana

Ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana aty Afrika sy any Azia ny taova rehetra amin' ny Coccinia grandis: raviny, taho, fakany ary voany^[1]^[2]^[3]. Ny fanadihadiana momba ny farmakôlôjia dia nanamafy ny toetra mahasoa maro ananan' io zavamaniry io, indrindra fa ny fiantraikany amin'ny diabeta, izay fototry ny fampiasana azy^[4]. Manana hery iadiana amin’ ny anti-inflammatory, amin’ ny mikrôba, antiôksida ary miaro ny aty ihany koa izy io. Ity fahombiazana ity dia vokatry ny fisian'ny zavatra simika isan-karazany ao aminy toy ny flavônôida, anisan' izany ny kersetinina sy ny kaempferôla, ary koa ny triterpenina, ny sapôninna, ary ny sterôlan-javama iry^[5].

Raviny

Ny ravin' ny Coccinia grandis dia manana anjara toerana lehibe amin' ny fitsaboana, indrindra amin' ny fandrindrana ny siramamy ao amin' ny ra, amin' ny alalan' ny fisotroana ny rano nafangaro ravina nopotehina, mba hifehezana ny diabeta^[6] sy ny tsirirìka koa^[7]. Ampiasaina hiadiana amin' ny bakteria sady antiôksida^[4] koa izy io ka ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana ny sita (aretin' ny zanatraoka)^[8], ny areti-mifindra ao amin' ny amany, ary ny aretin-koditra isan-karazany. Ampiasaina ity zavamaniry ity hanamora ny fiasan' ny tsinay (fitohanana) sy vavony^[9]^[10]. Araka ny fanadihdiana neorôlôjika, ny tambavy azo avy amin' ny fitanehana ny ravina dia mampihena ny fikorontanan' ny rafi-pitatitra (mahakasika ny fitatitra sy ny atidoha)^[11]. Azo apetaka amin' ny hoditra koa ny ravina nototoina atao petakilasy mba hitsaboana ny forofotra sy ny hatina (na lagaly) ary psôriasisy^[5]^[7] ary fibontsibontsina ny hoditra (fr.: exanthème)^[12]^[13]. Ny fametahana ny ravina dia afaka manamaivana ny aretina an-doha sy ny rohana^[8].

Voany

Ny voan' ny Coccinia grandis mbola manta (maitso) dia ampiasaina hifehezana ny tahan' ny siramamy ao amin' ny ra na hanina manta hitsaboana areti-tenda^[5]. Rehefa masaka ny voany be pektinina, dia manampy amin' ny fampidinana ny gliokôzy ao amin' ny ra rehefa anamboarana ranom-boankazo ka sotroina^[5]. Ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana koa dia mampiasa izany ranom-boankazo izany mba hitsaboana aretina isan-karazany toy ny tazo, ny sohika (na asma), ny sita (aretin' ny zanatraoka) ary ny angorosy^[14]. Ao amin' ny fitsaboana Unani dia mampitombo ny filana ara-nofo, mampitony ny hetaheta, ary ilaina amin' ny fitsaboana ny aretina vokatry ny fikorontanan' ny aty sy ny ra ny voany^[15].

Fakany

Ny fakan' ny Coccinia grandis dia matetika atambatra amin' ny raviny amin' ny endrika ranom-boankazo hosotroina mba hifehezana ny diabeta^[7]^[16]^[17]^[18]. Raha tanehina atao tambavy izy io dia azo ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana aretim-behivavy toy ny fivoahan-javatra avy ao amin' ny tranonjaza, na ny olan' ny fandevonan-kanina toy ny mandoa sy ny mamaivay^[5]. Fanampin' izay, izany tambavy izany ihany koa dia ampiasaina hitsaboana aretina mitaiza, indrindra ny fanaintainan' ny tonon-taolana (artrôzy)^[14]. Indraindray izy io dia ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana ny aretina angatra (na sifilisy)^[19]^[12]^[20]. Araka ny Ayurveda dia mampitombo ny filana ara-nofo^[21]^[22] sy manakana ny fandoavana sy ny fivoahan' ny amany tsy voafehy fampiasana ny fakan' ny Coccinia grandis.

Tahony sy taova hafa

Ny zavamaniry iray manontolo dia azo ampiasaina amin' ny endrika tambavy notanehina mba hiadiana amin' ny sery sy ny angatra, ary ny areti-mifindra isan-karazany. Ny rano nandomana ny taho dia ampiasana hitsaboana areti-maso, na dia mbola tsy voamarin' ny fikarohana aza izany. Amin' ny ankapobeny, ny Coccinia grandis dia fantatra amin' ny fahafahany manadio tsinay sy manamora ny fanesorana ny poizina amin' ny vatana.

Fanamarihana

Misy fatra somary ambany azo hanina sy azo itsaboana aizina ny fanadihadiana, saingy mety hisy fiantraikany amin' ny vavony sy ny tsinay ny kokorbitasinina (mafaitra) ao aminy ka mety hampalailay^[23]^[1].

Jereo koa

Coccinia

Cucurbitaceae

Loharano sy fanamarihana

1 2 "Antibacterial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of Coccinia grandis fruits", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
↑ "Coccinia grandis", tropical.theferns.info
↑ "Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd)", www.cabidigitallibrary.org
1 2 "Ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis is effective against both drug resistant and drug sensitive clinical isolates of Indian Kala-azar", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1 2 3 4 5 "Pharmacognostical standardization of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt root", journals.lww.com
↑ "Blood sugar lowering effect of Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt: path for a new drug for diabetes mellitus", pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1 2 3 "Phytochemical Investigation of Coccinia grandis for Anti-diarrhoeal Activity", www.jetir.org
1 2 "Efficacy and toxicological evaluation of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) extract in male Wistar rats", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
↑ "Ivy Gourd - Uses, Side Effects, and More", www.webmd.com
↑ "The medical use of Coccinia grandis L. Voiht: A Review", ijpjournal.com
↑ "Study on antipsychotic effects of Coccinia grandis leaf decoction", www.wisdomlib.org
1 2 "Pharmacological Review on Coccinia grandis Leaves", globalresearchonline.net
↑ "Coccinia Grandis a Potential Herb in Traditional Use and Recent Established Biological Activities with New Prospectives -A Review", www.researchgate.net
1 2 "Coccinia grandis", www.sciencedirect.com
↑ "Coccinia grandis - Ethnobotany, Dr. Pankaj Oudhia", Ecoport. [Arsiva]
↑ "Coccinia grandis - (L.)J.Voigt.", Plants for a Future (PFAF) [Arsiva]
↑ "Antioxidant, antiglycation and insulinotrophic properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) in vitro: Possible role in prevention of diabetic complications", www.researchgate.net
↑ "Efficacy and safety of a herbal drug of Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial", pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
↑ "Pharmacological Review On Coccinia grandis Leaves", www.academia.edu
↑ "Pharmacological Review on Coccinia grandis Leaves", www.researchgate.net
↑ "A Marvel Plant: Coccinia indica", ajpsonline.com
↑ "Antibacterial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of Coccinia grandis fruits", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
↑ "Efficacy and toxicological evaluation of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) extract in male Wistar rats", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[:0-1] 1 2 "Antibacterial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of Coccinia grandis fruits", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[2] "Coccinia grandis", tropical.theferns.info

[3] "Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd)", www.cabidigitallibrary.org

[:2-4] 1 2 "Ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis is effective against both drug resistant and drug sensitive clinical isolates of Indian Kala-azar", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[:3-5] 1 2 3 4 5 "Pharmacognostical standardization of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt root", journals.lww.com

[6] "Blood sugar lowering effect of Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt: path for a new drug for diabetes mellitus", pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[:4-7] 1 2 3 "Phytochemical Investigation of Coccinia grandis for Anti-diarrhoeal Activity", www.jetir.org

[:5-8] 1 2 "Efficacy and toxicological evaluation of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) extract in male Wistar rats", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[9] "Ivy Gourd - Uses, Side Effects, and More", www.webmd.com

[10] "The medical use of Coccinia grandis L. Voiht: A Review", ijpjournal.com

[11] "Study on antipsychotic effects of Coccinia grandis leaf decoction", www.wisdomlib.org

[:1-12] 1 2 "Pharmacological Review on Coccinia grandis Leaves", globalresearchonline.net

[13] "Coccinia Grandis a Potential Herb in Traditional Use and Recent Established Biological Activities with New Prospectives -A Review", www.researchgate.net

[:6-14] 1 2 "Coccinia grandis", www.sciencedirect.com

[15] "Coccinia grandis - Ethnobotany, Dr. Pankaj Oudhia", Ecoport. [Arsiva]

[16] "Coccinia grandis - (L.)J.Voigt.", Plants for a Future (PFAF) [Arsiva]

[17] "Antioxidant, antiglycation and insulinotrophic properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) in vitro: Possible role in prevention of diabetic complications", www.researchgate.net

[18] "Efficacy and safety of a herbal drug of Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial", pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[19] "Pharmacological Review On Coccinia grandis Leaves", www.academia.edu

[20] "Pharmacological Review on Coccinia grandis Leaves", www.researchgate.net

[21] "A Marvel Plant: Coccinia indica", ajpsonline.com

[22] "Antibacterial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of Coccinia grandis fruits", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[23] "Efficacy and toxicological evaluation of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) extract in male Wistar rats", pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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